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Volume 13 | Issue 7 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJME-V13I7P101 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23488360/IJME-V13I7P101

Numerical and Statistical Investigation of Performance and Emission Parameters in a GDI Engine Equipped with Passive Pre Chamber

Karthikeyan M, Ramesh P, Edward James Gunasekaran

Received Revised Accepted Published
09 Apr 2026 10 Jun 2026 25 Jun 2026 30 Jul 2026

Citation :

Karthikeyan M, Ramesh P, Edward James Gunasekaran, "Numerical and Statistical Investigation of Performance and Emission Parameters in a GDI Engine Equipped with Passive Pre Chamber," International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1-15, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488360/IJME-V13I7P101

Abstract

The increase in pollutant formation globally by the utilization of IC engines leads to the implementation of stringent norms worldwide. The aim of this work is to reduce emission formations and improve GDI engine efficiency with a Pre-Combustion Chamber (PCC) by finding optimal factors of statistical analysis using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). An SI engine having GDI equipped with a six-hole orifice PCC is optimized using RSM in the design of experiments. Key factors such as orifice throat angle, injection pressure, and L/D ratio were considered in RSM design, and responses were observed with Box-Behnken design techniques. Before conducting a CFD simulation for the statistical analysis method, validation of the CFD simulation was performed. The CFD setup designed for different runs of the statistical RSM approach and optimal factors of simulation predicts the accuracy of RSM responses and helps confirm optimal factors for engine operating conditions of a six-hole PCC in a GDI engine. Peak cylinder pressure achieved for the CFD-simulated model is 66.39 bar, indicating an error percentage of 1.94% higher than the RSM model. The percentage of error between the RSM and optimal factors of the simulation was less than 4% compared to the heat release rate and NOx.

Keywords

Computational Fluid Dynamics, Pre-Combustion Chamber, Response Surface Methodology, Spark ignition engine, CFD, GDI, PCC.

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