Reaction Kinetics and Kinetic Equations of Free-Radical Nonbranched-Chain Processes of Addition to Unsaturated Compounds

International Journal of Applied Chemistry

© 2019 by SSRG - IJAC Journal

Volume 6 Issue 3

Year of Publication : 2019

Authors : Michael M. Silaev

10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I3P110

How to Cite?

Michael M. Silaev, "Reaction Kinetics and Kinetic Equations of Free-Radical Nonbranched-Chain Processes of Addition to Unsaturated Compounds," SSRG International Journal of Applied Chemistry, vol. 6,  no. 3, pp. 62-85, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I3P110

Abstract:

The kinetics of free-radical nonbranched-chain processes of addition to unsaturated compounds (such as alkenes, formaldehyde, dioxygen) was investigated. The aim of this study was the conclusion of simple kinetic equations to describe ab initio initiated nonbranched-chain processes of the saturated free-radical addition to the double bonds of unsaturated molecules in the binary reaction systems of saturated and unsaturated components. In the processes of this kind the formation rate of the molecular addition products (1:1 adducts) as a function of concentration of the unsaturated component has a maximum. Five reaction schemes are suggested for this addition processes. The proposed schemes include the reaction competing with chain propagation reactions through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in these schemes involves three or four types of free radicals. One of them – СН2=С(СН3)ĊН2, СН2=СНĊНОН, НĊ=O,o-СН3С6Н4СН2O4 •, or HO4 • – is relatively low-reactive and inhibits the chain process by shortening of the kinetic chain length. Based on the suggested schemes, nine rate equations (containing one to three parameters to be determined directly) are deduced using quasi-steady-state treatment. These equations provide good fits for the nonmonotonic (peaking) dependences of the formation rates of the molecular products (1:1 adducts) on the concentration of the unsaturated component in binary systems consisting of a saturated component (hydrocarbon, alcohol, etc.) and an unsaturated component (alkene, allyl alcohol, formaldehyde, or dioxygen). The unsaturated compound in these systems is both a reactant and an autoinhibitor generating low-reactive free radicals. A similar kinetic description is applicable to the nonbranched-chain process of the free-radical hydrogen oxidation, in which the oxygen with the increase of its concentration begins to act as an oxidation autoingibitor (or an antioxidant). The energetics of the key radical-molecule reactions is considered.

Keywords:

Binary System, Unsaturated Compound, Low-Reactive Radical, Autoinhibitor, Competing Reaction, Nonbranched-Chain Addition, Kinetic Equation,
Rate, Parameters, Thermochemical Data, Energy.

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