Comparison of electrical conductivity and radicle emergence tests as predictors of seed vigor and field emergence in different sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L)

International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science

© 2021 by SSRG - IJAES Journal

Volume 8 Issue 1

Year of Publication : 2021

Authors : Szemruch Cyntia, Murcia Mónica, Gallo Carina, Esquivel Maximiliano, Carracedo Claudia, Urbinatti Ivanna, Magnano Luciana, García Federico, Roberti Hernán, Menafra Luis, Evaristo Cynthia, Medina Juan

10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V8I1P106

How to Cite?

Szemruch Cyntia, Murcia Mónica, Gallo Carina, Esquivel Maximiliano, Carracedo Claudia, Urbinatti Ivanna, Magnano Luciana, García Federico, Roberti Hernán, Menafra Luis, Evaristo Cynthia, Medina Juan, "Comparison of electrical conductivity and radicle emergence tests as predictors of seed vigor and field emergence in different sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L)," SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, vol. 8,  no. 1, pp. 32-41, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V8I1P106

Abstract:

To advance in Electrical conductivity (EC), test standardization is necessary to evaluate its repeatability and reproducibility in different sunflower hybrids and laboratories. The radicle emergence (RE) test also appears as potentially effective for this species. Growing degree days (GDD) are used to predict field emergence, although its association with sunflower seed vigor has not been analyzed. The aims were to i) analyze the ability of the EC test to differentiate sunflower seed vigor among hybrids in different laboratories during the storage ii) compare EC with RE tests and establish their association with sunflower field emergence. Three sunflower hybrids were evaluated during storage months. EC was measured on 50 dehulled seeds after 24 h in six laboratories. RE was examined by counting radicles > 2mm, between 24-52 h after sowing. Field emergence was evaluated by Time for 50% of maximum seedling emergence (SE50), Mean Time of emergence, and Daily mean emergence, expressed in chronological days and GDD. After 11 months, EC increased, while RE decreased. EC test detected genotypic differences among sunflower hybrids, being reproducible and repeatable within and among laboratories. Sunflower seeds with less vigor have high GDD, indicating a lower field emergence rate. RE did not predict sunflower seed deterioration or field seedling emergence.

Keywords:

Electrical conductivity, field emergence, radicle emergence, sunflower seeds, vigor.

References:

[1] ISTA, International Seed Testing Association International rules for seed testing. Ed. ISTA 2015. Bassersdorf, Switzerland. (2015).
[2] ISTA,. International Rules for Seed Testing, International Seed Testing Association, Ed. ISTA 2017. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.(2017).
[3] Finch-Savage, W. E. and Bassel, G. W.,Seed vigor and crop establishment: extending performance beyond adaptation, Journal of Experimental Botany, 67(2016) 567–591.
[4] Wei, J., Le, H., Pan, A., Xu, J., Li, F., Li, X., Quan, S., Guo, J., Yang, L., Collaborative trial for the validation of event-specific PCR detection methods of genetically modified papaya Huanong No.1. Food Chemistry, 194(2016) 20-25.
[5] Zanobini, A., Sereni, B., Catelani, M., Ciani, L.. Repeatability and reproducibility techniques for the analysis of measurement systems, Measurement, 86(2016) 125-132.
[6] Marcos-Filho J. 2015. Seed vigor testing: an overview of the past, present, and future perspective. Scientia Agricola, 72: 363-374.
[7] Fatonah, K., Suliansyah, I., Rozen, N., Electrical conductivity for seed vigor test in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Cell Biology and Development, 1(2017) 6–12.
[8] Wagner, M. H., Anger and, C., Ducournau, S., Genetic diversity in sunflower and seed vigor testing: no relationship established between vigor tests and field emergence. 32nd ISTA Congress. Seed Symposium, Hyderabad, India, 26–28 June 2019. Available in https://www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/P1.02Marie-HeleneWagner Geneticdiversityinsunflowerandseedvigourtesting.pdf.(2019)
[9] Szemruch, C., Gallo, C., Murcia, M., Esquivel, M., García, F., Medina, J., Magnano, L., Electrical conductivity test for predict sunflower seeds vigor. International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science (SSRG-IJAES), 6(4) (2019) 118-127.
[10] Al-Chaarani, G. R., Gentzbittel, L., Wedzony, M., Sarrafi, A., Identification of QTLs for germination and seedling development in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Science, 169(2005) 221–227.
[11] Saux, M., Bleys, B., André, T., Bailly, C., El-Maarouf-Bouteau, H., A Correlative Study of Sunflower Seed Vigor Components as Related to Genetic Background, Plants, 9 (2020) 386.
[12] Matthews, S., Wagner, M-H., Kerr, L., Powell, A. A., Potential for early counts of radicle emergence and leakage of electrolytes as quick tests to predict the percentage of normal seedlings, Seed Science and Technology 46(1) (2018) 1-18.
[13] Powell, A. A., and Matthews, S. 2012. The seed aging/repair hypothesis leads to new testing methods. Seed Technology, 34, 15-25.
[14] Bailly, C., Bogatek-Leszcznsko, R., Côme, D., Corbineau, C. 2002. Changes in antioxidant enzymes and lipoxygenase during the growth of sunflower seedlings from seeds of different vigor, Seed Science Research, 12, 47-55.
[15] Ermis, S., Karslioglu, M., Ozden, E., Demir, I. 2015. A single radicle emergence count as a vigor test in predicting seedling emergence potential of leek seed lots, Seed Science and Technology, 43(2): 308-312.
[16] Khajeh-Hosseini, M., Lomholt, A., Matthews, S. 2009. Mean germination time in the laboratory estimates the relative vigor and field performance of commercial seed lots of maize (Zea mays L.), Seed Science and Technology.
[17] Luo, Y., Lin, C., Huang, Y. T., Guan, Y. J., Hu, J. 2017. Single counts of radicle emergence can be used as a fast method to test
seed vigor of indica rice, Seed Science and Technology, 45 (1): 222-229.
[18] Guan, Y. J., Yin, M. Q., Jia, X. W., An, J. Y., Wang, C., Pan, R. H., Song, W. J., Hu, J. 2018. Single counts of radicle emergence can be used as a vigor test to predict seedling emergence potential of wheat, Seed Science and Technology, 46(2):349-357.
[19] Ducournau, S., Feutry, A., Plainchault, P., Revollon, P., Vigouroux, B., Wagner, M. H. 2005. Using computer vision to monitor germination time course of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) sedes, Seed Science and Technology, 33, 329-340.
[20] Ozden, E., Ozdamar, C., Demir, I., Radicle Emergence Test Estimates Predictions of Percentage Normal Seedlings in Standard Germination Tests of Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) Seed Lots, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agroboranici, 46 (1)(2018) 177-182.
[21] Hampton, J. G., and Tekrony, D. M., Handbook of vigor test methods. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich (Switzerland) (1995).
[22] Anfinrud, M. N. and Schneiter, A. A.. Relationship of sunflower germination and vigor tests to field performance. Crop Science, 24, 341-344.
[23] Albuquerque, M. C. F, Moro F V, Fagioli M, Ribeiro M C. 2001. Electrical conductivity and potassium leaching tests evaluate sunflower seeds physiological quality, Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 23(1984) 1-8.
[24] Braz, M. R. S., and Rossetto, C. A. V., Correlation between sunflower seeds quality evaluation tests and seedling emergence in the field, Ciência Rural, 39(2009).
[25] Kaya, M. D., Kulan, E. G., Avci, S., Ileri, O., Potential seed testing methods to identify viability and vigor in commercial seed lots of sunflowers, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(2018) 5295-5300.
[26] Alsajri, F., Wijewardana, C., Krutz, L., Irby, J., Golden, B., Reddy, K., Quantifying and Validating Soybean Seed Emergence Model as a Function of Temperature, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 10(2019) 111-124.
[27] Castillo-Lorenzo, E., Pritchard, H. W., Finch-Savage, W. E., Seal, C. E., Comparison of seed and seedling functional traits in native Helianthus species and the crop H. annuus (sunflower), Plant Biology, 21(3)(2019) 533-543.
[28] Andrade, F. and Sadras, V. 2002. Bases for the management of corn, sunflower, and soybean. EEA INTA Balcarce- FCA UNMP, Argentina. 450 (Sp.)
[29] Angus, J. F., Cunningham, R. B., Moncur, M. W., Mackenzie, D. H., Phasic development in field crops I. Thermal response in the seedling phase, Field Crops Research, 3(1980) 365-378.
[30] Braz, M. R. S., Barros, C. S., Castro, F. P., Rossetto, C. A. V., Accelerated aging and controlled deterioration seeds vigor tests for sunflower, Ciência Rural, 38(2008) 1857-1863.
[31] Paoloni, P. and Hernández, L., Germination and seedling emergence of four sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids differing in its lipid content and relation with temperature, Investigación Agraria Producción y Protección Vegetales, 13(3)(1998) 345-358.
[32] Szemruch, C. and Ferrari, L. 2013. Encrusting offers protection against phytotoxic chemicals and maintains the physiological quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 41(1)(2013) 125-132.
[33] Ranal, M. A. and Santana, D. G., How and why to measure the germination process? Revista Brasileira de Botanica, 29(2006) 1-11.
[34] Aguirrezábal, L. A. N., Lavaud, Y., Dosio, G. A. A., Izquierdo, N. G., Andrade, F. H., González, L. M., Intercepted solar radiation during seed filling determines sunflower weight per seed and oil concentration. Crop Science, 43(2003) 152–161.
[35] Schneiter, A. A., and Miller, J. F., Description of sunflower growth stages, Crop Science, 21(1981) 901-903.
[36] Nakagawa, J., Vigor tests based on seedling assessment. In: Krzyzanowski Fc; Vieira Rd; França-Neto Jb. Ed. Seed vigor: concepts and tests. Londrina: ABRATES, 2(1999) 1-21
[37] Maguire, J. D., Speed of germination-aid in selecting and evaluating seedling emergence and vigor, Crop Science, 2 (1962) 176-177.
[38] Powel, A. A., Proposal for the addition of Glycine max as a species to which the conductivity test for seed vigor can be applied. Method Validation Reports.,International Seed Testing Association., (2012).
[39] Khajeh-Hosseini, M., Gallo, C., Ilbi, H., Proposal for adding Cicer arietinum (Kabuli type) as a species to which the conductivity test for seed vigor can be applied, Method Validation Reports. International Seed Testing Association. (2015).
[40] Powell, A. A., and Mavi, K., Application of the electrical conductivity test to radish seed (Raphanus sativus), Method Validation Reports. International Seed Testing Association. (2017).
[41] González Belo, R., Tognetti, J., Benech Arnold, R. L., Izquierdo, N. G., Germination responses to temperature and water potential as affected by seed oil composition in sunflower, Industrial Crops, and Products, 62(2014) 537–544.
[42] Demir, I., Kenanoglu, B. B., Özden, E., Seed Vigour Tests to Estimate Seedling Emergence in Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Seed Lots, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(3)(2019) 881-886.
[43] Matthews, S., and Powell. A. A., Towards automated single counts of radicle emergence to predict seed and seedling vigor. Seed Testing International 142(2011) 44-48.
[44] Akbarpour, M., Khajeh-Hosseini, M., Seifi, A., Potential of a single radicle emergence count in predicting field emergence of Desi chickpea seed lots as an alternative vigor test, Seed Science and Technology, 47(2019) 3, 319-324.
[45] Clay, A. S., Davis, A., Dille, A., Lindquist, J., Ramirez, A., Sprague, C., Reicks, G., Forcella, F.,Common Sunflower Seedling Emergence across the U.S. Midwest, Weed Science (2014 ) 62:63–70.
[46] Soleymani, A.. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed vigor tests to predict field emergence, Industrial Crops and Products, 131: 378-386. [47] Chinnasamy, G. P. and Sundareswaran, S., Evaluation of Radicle Emergence Test to Predict Seed Vigor and Field Emergence in Different Seed Lots of Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), Madras Agricultural Journal, (2019) 106:143-149.
[48] Ilyas, S. and Karuniasari, D. I., Development of a seed vigor test using the single count of radicle emergence in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. 32nd ISTA Congress. Seed Symposium, Hyderabad, India, (2019) 26–28.
[49] Subba Rao, L. V., Viran Kumar, S., Sultana, R., Seshu Madhav, M., Kunusoth, K. 2019. Radicle emergence test – a reliable method of assessing seedling vigor in rice genotypes. 32nd ISTA Congress. Seed Symposium, Hyderabad, India, (2019) 26–28.
[50] Demir, L., Celikkol, T., Sarikamis, G., Eksi, C., Vigor tests to estimate seedling emergence potential and longevity in Viola seed lots, HortiScience 46(3)(2011) 402-405.
[51] Di Rienzo, J. A., Robledo, C. W., Balzarini, M. G., Casanoves, F., Gonzalez, L., Tablada, M. 2008. InfoStat. Versión 2008. Grupo InfoStat. FCA. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Córdoba. Argentina. Available in http//www.infostat.com.ar
[52] ISO, 1994. ISO 5725-2. Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results, Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland.
[53] Powell, A. A. x., Proposal for the addition of Phaseolus vulgaris as a species to which the conductivity test for seed vigor can be applied, Method Validation Reports 2009. International Seed Testing Association. (2019).
[54] Matthews, S, Noli, E., Demir, I., Khajeh-Hosseini, M., Wagner, M. H. 2012. Evaluation of seed quality: from physiology to international standardization, Seed Science Research, 22:69 - 73.