Contents of Sludge from Kenaf Pulp Bleaching with Potassium Hydroxide and Calcium Hypochlorite

International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science

© 2021 by SSRG - IJAES Journal

Volume 8 Issue 4

Year of Publication : 2021

Authors : Jane Adamma Chukwudebelu, Jonah Agunwamba

10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V8I4P103

How to Cite?

Jane Adamma Chukwudebelu, Jonah Agunwamba, "Contents of Sludge from Kenaf Pulp Bleaching with Potassium Hydroxide and Calcium Hypochlorite," SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, vol. 8,  no. 4, pp. 21-28, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V8I4P103

Abstract:

The content of pulp and paper sludge depends on the raw materials, bleaching chemicals, and the manufacturing process. In this research, kenaf pulp was bleached with 20%, 60%, and 90% concentrations of potassium hydroxide and calcium hypochlorite at 3hr intervals at room temperature. The effluents from the bleaching processes were filtered to get the sludge. The sludge was analyzed for ash, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen. The sludge showed high content of carbon (17.77%/11.73% and phosphorus (12.53mg/l/12.6mg/l) from both potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide bleaching. Carbon contents were 17.77% after 2hr bleaching with 60% concentration of potassium hydroxide and 17.73% after 2hr bleaching with 90% concentration of calcium hypochlorite. Phosphorus contents were 12.53mg/l and 12.6mg/l after bleaching with a 90% concentration of potassium hydroxide and calcium hypochlorite for 3hrs. Nitrogen and ash showed low values with the lowest (0.12% and 0.23%) from bleaching with a 90% concentration of potassium hydroxide. The sludge can be used to amend soils that their nutrients have been eroded either by over-farming or logging and replenish it, making them fertile again.

Keywords:

Bleaching, Calcium hypochlorite, Potassium hydroxide, Pulp, Sludge.

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