Flood Insurance and Sustainable Aquaculture: The Case of Lapa-Gwari in Minna, Nigeria

International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science
© 2022 by SSRG - IJAES Journal
Volume 9 Issue 1
Year of Publication : 2022
Authors : Dukiya Jehoshaphat Jaiye
pdf
How to Cite?

Dukiya Jehoshaphat Jaiye, "Flood Insurance and Sustainable Aquaculture: The Case of Lapa-Gwari in Minna, Nigeria," SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, vol. 9,  no. 1, pp. 23-30, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V9I1P105

Abstract:

Sustainable aquaculture may generally be defined as the aquaculture industry that can adapt to a planet with an ever increasing human population that uses non-renewable resources resiliently despite opposing external forces. The unemployment and Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) push and the continuous demand for farmed fish pull have made many people venture into the aquaculture industry without sustainable fixed and running capital. This often leads to early liquidation of the business, most especially when disaster strikes. This study used a physical field survey and questionnaire to examine the flood disaster that affected over 150 fish farmers’ ponds in Minna, Nigeria. The result of the descriptive analysis revealed that about USD730 368.85 (NGN278, 416,610) was lost to the disaster without any insurance coverage or any governmental intervention for sustainability. It is, therefore, recommended that operators of aquaculture should, as a national policy, have insurance.

Keywords:

Aquaculture, Disaster loss, Flood insurance, Sustainability, and Vulnerability.

References:

[1] Altech 8 Digital technologies disrupting aquaculture (2017). [Online]. Available: https://www.alltech.com/blog/8-digital-technologies-disrupting-aquaculture
[2] FAO. Environment and sustainability in fisheries, COFI/91/3, 19th Session of the Committee on Fisheries, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. (1991) 23.
[3] Csavas I, Recommendations for responsible aquaculture, In Bagarinao TU, Flores EEC (eds) Towards Sustainable Aquaculture in Southeast Asia and Japan. SEAFDEC, Iloilo, Philippines. (1995) 1-12.
[4] (2000) William A, Wurts Sustainable Aquaculture in the Twenty-First Century Reviews in Fisheries Science. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237561823
[5] Abbas A, Amjath-Babu T.S, KächeleH, MüllerK. Non-structural Flood Risk Mitigation under Developing Country Conditions: An Analysis on the Determinants of Willingness to pay for Flood Insurance in Rural Pakistan, Natural Hazards. 75(3) (2015) 2119–2135.
[6] (2030) Agenda, The 2030 agenda and the sustainable development goals: the challenge for aquaculture development and management, [Online]. Available: http://www.fao.org/cofi/38663-0a3e5c407f3fb23a0e1a3a4fa62d7420c.pdf
[7] Hishamunda N, Subasinghe R, Aquaculture development in China: The role of public sector policies, FAO Fisheries Technical. 427 (2003) 6–8.
[8] NBSC National Bureau of (Statistics of China) China Statistical Year book 2009 [in Chinese] China Statistics Press, Beijing. (2009).
[9] Zhang J.W, Jostein R, Aquaculture in China, Beijing: Innovation Norway–Beijing Office. (2004) 11–20.
[10] (2007) Edwards P. Recent developments in Chinese inland aquaculture. Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific, February 23. [Online]. Available: http://www.enaca.org/modules/news/article.php?storyid=903.
[11] Wang Y.B., Li J.R., Lin. J.D, Probiotics in aquaculture: Challenges and outlook, Aquaculture. 281 (2008) 1–4.
[12] Qi Z., Zhang X.H , Boon N, Bossier P, Probiotics in aquaculture of China current state, problems and prospect, Aquaculture. 290 (2009) 5–21
[13] Li J.L, Li. S.F, Introduction and research advances of Oreochromisniloticus in Chinese Mainland, [in Chinese, with English summary], Journal of Fish Science, China. 25 (2001) 90–95.
[14] Li Z.X, Li J, Wang Q.Y, He Y.Y, Liu. P, The comparison of morphological characteristics in selected new variety “Yellow Sea No. 1” and the wild population of shrimp Fenneropenaeus Chinensis in Chinese, with English summary, Journal of Fish Science, China. 13 (2006) 384–388.
[15] Tian Y, Kong J, Li W.D, LuanS, Yang C.H, Wang Q.Y, Genetic improvement on Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus Chinensis): Growth and viability performance in F1 hybrids of different populations. China Journal of Oceanology Limnology. 26 (2008) 369–374.
[16] Chen S, Wang J, Liu S.J, Qin Q.B, Xiao J, Duan W, Luo K. K, Liu J.H, Liu Y, Biological characteristics of an improved (triploid crucian) carp. Science, China Ser. C. 52 (2009) 733–738.
[17] Li S.F, Tang S.J, Cai W.Q, RAPD–SCAR markers for genetically improved NEW GIFT Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus niloticusL.) and their application in strain identification. Zoolog Res. 31 (2010) 147–153.
[18] Rees AP Pressures on the marine environment and the changing climate of ocean biogeochemistry. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 370 (2012) 5613–5635
[19] IPCC, Climate change: synthesis report summary 29. Raven JA, Falkowski PG (1999) Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO2. Plant, Cell Environ for policymakers, section 1: observed changes in climate and their effects, in IPCC AR4 SYR. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 22 (2007) 741–755.
[20] Goes J.I, Tian, H, Gomes H.D, Anderson O.R, Al-Hashmi K, DeRada S, Martinson D. G. Ecosystem state change in the Arabian Sea fueled by the recent loss of snow over the Himalayan-Tibetan plateau region.Scientific Reports, 10(1) (2020).
[21] Zeng Q.Z, Liu Z. J, Control of hazards of aquaculture products by HACCP system [in Chinese, with English summary], Journal of Fish Science, China. 24 (2005) 44–46.
[22] Zhang M.M, Xiao Z.L, Application of HACCP system in aquaculture in China [in Chinese, with English summary], Journal of Mod. Fish Information. 22 (2006) 203–205.
[23] (2009b) Wang Y.T. Healthy aquaculture in china, EU-China Workshop on Environmental Sustainability in Aquaculture. [Online]. Available: http://www.euchinawto.org/index.php?option=com=314&Itemid=36.
[24] (2018) FAO The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture- Meeting the sustainable development goals Rome. Licence. [Online]. Available: http://www.fao.org/3/I9540EN/i9540en.pdf
[25] BotzenWouter J W, Van Den Bergh, Insurance against climate change and flooding in the Netherlands: present, future, and comparison with other countries, Risk Analysis. 28(2) (2008) 413-426.
[26] Michel-Kerjan E, Kunreuther H, Redesigning Flood Insurance, Science. 333(6041) (2011) 408-409.
[27] Kousky C, Kunreuther H, Addressing Affordability in the National Flood Insurance Program, Journal of Extreme Events. 1(1) (2014). 1450.
[28] Mechler R, Bouwer L.M, Linnerooth‐Bayer J, Hochrainer‐Stigler S, Aerts J.C, Surminski S, Williges K. Managing unnatural disaster risk from climate extremes, Nature Climate Change. 4(4) (2014) 235‐237.
[29] Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA. A Unified National Program for Floodplain Management. (1986).
[30] Holladay J S, Schwartz J A, Flooding the Market: The Distributional Consequences of the National Flood Insurance Programme, Institute for Policy Integrity. (2010).
[31] Aziza gerdy, Mouaina Badran, Mohamad hasan, The Effect of Three Oils Sources in the Diets on the Performance of Siganus Rivulatus Fingerlings Cultured in Tanks, SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science. 5(4) (2018) 29-33.
[32] Witkowski, Rachel Scism, Leslie Hurricane Harvey Threatens Largest Flood Insurer: The Government, Wall Street Journal. (2017).
[33] Michel-Kerjan E, Catastrophe Economics: The National Flood Insurance Program, Journal of Economic Perspectives. 24(4) (2010) 165-186.
[34] Atreya A, Hanger S, Kunreuther E, Linnerooth-Bayer J, Michel-Kerjan E A Comparison of Residential Flood Insurance Markets in 25 Countries. The Wharton School, Center for Risk Management and Decision Processes, University of Pennsylvania, USA. (2015).
[35] Adedeji O.B, Okocha R.C. Constraint to Aquaculture Development in Nigeria and Way Forward. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 7(7) (2011) 1133-1140.
[36] Oladimeji Y.U, The trend in Fish Production Parameters in Nigeria and its Total Estimated Demand: Empirical Evidence from Fish Production. Journal of Animal Production and Research. (2017) [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319937280
[37] WorldFish IMPAC WorldFish Nigeria Strategy Report. (2018) [Online]. Available: http://pubs.iclarm.net/resource_centre/2018-09.pdf
[38] Agbede S.A , Adedeji O.B , Adeyemo O.K, Esuruoso G.O, Yusuf H, Small Scale Fish Production in Veterinary Practice. Nigerian Veterinary Journal. 24(3) (2003) 160-171.
[39] (2020) Foreign Agricultural Service • U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Nigeria\FAS OAA. [Online]. Available: https://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/BicoReport.aspx?type=country; https://nairametrics.com/2020/02/13/agriculture-cbns-revised-policy-on-the-dairy-industry/
[40] Ubawuike C. Federal Government plans to ban fish importation, The Vanguard. (2020) [Online]. Available: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/02/ban-on-fish-importation-to-save-nigeria-over-1bn-agropreneur/
[41] Ologunorisa, T. and Tersoo, T, The Changing Rainfall Pattern and Its Implication for Flood Frequency in Makurdi, Northern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 10 (2006) 97-102.
[42] (Agronature Admin) Flooding: Farmers lament the loss of multi-million Naira fish ponds in Niger (2020). [Online]. Available: https://agronaturenigeria.com/flooding-farmers-lament-loss-of-multi-million-naira-fish-ponds-in-niger/
[43] Vanguard News Nigeria. Flood ravages community destroys over N1bn property in Niger (2020). [Online]. Available: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/flood-ravages-community-destroys-over-n1bn-property-in-niger/
[44] John Adams, Minna. Flood wreaks havoc in Niger, as government advises riverine communities to relocate. SUN News Paper (2020). [Online]. Available: .https://www.sunnewsonline.com/flood-wreaks-havoc-in-niger-as-government-advises-riverine-communities-to-relocate/ [45] Xuepeng L, JianrongL,Wang, Y, Fu, Linglin F, Yuying F, Biqing L, Binghua O. Aquaculture Industry in China: Current State, Challenges, and Outlook, Reviews in Fisheries Science(2011). [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.573597
[46] Mikpon T, Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Agbodjato N.A, Amogou O, N’Tcha C, Mousse W, Sina H, Ahissou H, Adjanohoun A, Baba-Moussa L. Socio-economic and cultural values of two species of crabs (Cardisomaarmatum Herklots and Callinectesamnicola Rochebrune) in Southern Benin, Africa: Management of post-harvest losses and exoskeletons International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture (2020). [Online]. Available: http://www.academicjournals.org/IJFA
[47] Fielke S.J, Garrard R, Jakku E, Fleming A, Taylor M, McAllister R. The ‘Digitalisation of Agricultural Innovation Systems’: Governing the DAIS and exploring the prawn aquaculture value chain. 13th European IFSA Symposium, Chania (Greece). Theme 4 – Smart technologies in farming and food systems. (2018).
[48] Kreft, S, D. Eckstein, and I. Melchior. Global climate risk index 2017, Who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2015 and 1996 to 2015, Bonn: German watch (2016). [Online]. Available: https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/publication/16411.pdf.
[49] Nguyen Duc, K, T. Ancev, and A. Randall, Evidence of climatic change in Vietnam: Some implications for agricultural production, Journal of Environmental Management. 231(2019) 524–545.
[50] Nguyen C. D, Ubukata F, Nguyen Q.T, Hoang H.V. Long-Term Improvement in Precautions for Flood Risk Mitigation: A Case Study in the Low-Lying Area of Central Vietnam. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. www.ijdrs.com, www.springer.com/13753. (2021)
[51] Dube, E, Mtapuri O, and Matunhu J, Flooding and poverty: Two interrelated social problems impacting rural development in Tsholotsho District of Matabeleland North Province in Zimbabwe. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. 10(1) (2018) 1–7.
[52] Saeed, N.A.L, N.H. Zakaria, and E. Sutoyo. Team performance in flood emergency response: A conceptual model and scale development. International Journal of Integrated Engineering (2018). [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2018.10.06.006.
[53] Nazeerudin Dr Environmental Sustainability for Inclusive Rural Development in India. SSRG International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science(2022). [Online]. Available: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/