Monitoring Changes in Water Quality of River Yamuna, India from 2012-2021
| International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science |
| © 2025 by SSRG - IJAES Journal |
| Volume 12 Issue 2 |
| Year of Publication : 2025 |
| Authors : Shivanjali Sapra |
10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V12I2P102
How to Cite?
Shivanjali Sapra, "Monitoring Changes in Water Quality of River Yamuna, India from 2012-2021," SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 11-17, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V12I2P102
Abstract:
The Yamuna River sustains nearly 57 million people in northern India, but rapid urbanization, industrial growth, and untreated waste discharge have severely degraded its water quality. This study analyzes CPCB data from 2012 to 2021, examining key physicochemical parameters such as temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrates, BOD, and coliform levels. Findings indicate a significant decline in water quality, with high BOD and coliform contamination rendering it unfit for human use. The results highlight the urgent need for sustainable water management and pollution control measures.
Keywords:
Yamuna, Urbanization, Physicochemical parameters, Total coliform, Pollution control.
References:
[1] Asha Gupta, Water Pollution: Assessment, Modelling, and Management, Pointer Publishers, pp. 1-181, 2016.
[Publisher Link]
[2] Earth’s Freshwater, Education | National Geographic. [Online]. Available: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/earths fresh-water/
[3] The Water Act 1974, India Code. [Online]. Available: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1612
[4] Anil Kumar Misra, “A River about to Die: Yamuna,” Journal of Water Resource Protection, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 489-500, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Madhuben Sharma et al., “The State of the Yamuna River: A Detailed Review of Water Quality Assessment Across the Entire Course in India,” Applied Water Science, vol. 14, pp. 1-24, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Pankaj Joshi et al., “Physicochemical and Biological Analysis of River Yamuna at Palla Station from 2009 to 2019,” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, pp. 1-19, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Archana Shukla et al., “Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Yamuna River in Prayagraj City,” Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Science, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 10-15, 2022.
[Publisher Link]
[8] Central Pollution Control Board. [Online]. Available: https://cpcb.nic.in/water-quality-criteria/
[9] Yamunotri Dham, Government of Uttarakhand. [Online]. Available: https://uttarkashi.nic.in/tourist-place/yamunotri dham/#:~:text=Yamunotri%20is%20the%20source%20of,Char%20Dham%20pilgrimage%20of%20Uttarakhand
[10] IAS’s Post, Facebook. [Online]. Available: https://www.facebook.com/DIASgeneralStudies/posts/Yamuna-River-System-it originates-from-the-yamunotri-glacier-on-the-southwestern/5358865457566941/
[11] Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Small https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240088740 Water Supplie