Intensive Quenching Technology Accuracy Analysis Based on Study Physics of Transient Nucleate Boiling Process

International Journal of Applied Physics

© 2020 by SSRG - IJAP Journal

Volume 7 Issue 1

Year of Publication : 2020

Authors : Nikolai I. Kobasko

10.14445/23500301/IJAP-V7I1P105

How to Cite?

Nikolai I. Kobasko, "Intensive Quenching Technology Accuracy Analysis Based on Study Physics of Transient Nucleate Boiling Process," SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 7,  no. 1, pp. 27-35, 2020. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23500301/IJAP-V7I1P105

Abstract:

Three versions of intensive quenching technologies and accuracy of their performing are discussed in this paper. The first version explores water
salt solutions of optimal concentration as a quenchant with the low or moderate agitation. The second version explores cold water or water salt solutions of optimal concentration agitated by very powerful pumps or highefficiency rotating impellers. The new third version of intensive quenching explores low concentration of water polymer solutions of inverse solubility that creates insulating surface layer during quenching of steel components. The insulating surface layer drops initial heat flux density during quenching below its critical value and by such a way eliminates effectively film
boiling process making quenching very intensive. Instead of powerful pumps or high-efficiency rotating impellers, the low or moderate agitation of quenchant, preferably by hydrodynamic emitters, is used combined with exploring optimal hardenability steel. It is shown in the paper that intensity of cooling in low concentration of water polymer solutions are similar to intensity of cooling in water salt solutions of optimal concentration where cooling process is intensive. New third version of technology is very simple, however it requires the high density of knowledge on quenching process in low concentration of water polymer (PAG) solution and also requires intensive process interruption at proper time. During batch quenching in low concentration of water polymer solutions, the resonance effect can be used for eliminating film boiling process. The new technology saves materials, increases service life of hardened components and makes environment green.

Keywords:

Nucleate Boiling Process, Intensive Quenching Technology , Physics

References:

[1] Kobasko, N. I., (2005). Self-regulated Thermal Processes During Quenching of Steels in Liquid Media, International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 110–125.
[2] Kobasko Nikolai, (2019). Austempering processes that are performed via cold liquids. Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 107 p. ISBN: 978-620-0-11330-6.
[3] Kobasko, N.I., Aronov, M.A., Powell, J.A., Totten, G.E., (2010). Intensive Quenching Systems: Engineering and Design, ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, USA, 234 p. doi:10.1520/mnl64-eb
[4] Tolubinsky, V.I., (1980). Teploobmen pri kipenii. Heat transfer at boiling. Ukraine: Naukova Dumka, Kyiv.; 320 .
[5] Kobasko Nikolai, (2019). Thermal Waves, Thermal Diffusivity and Possibility of Relaxation Time of Materials Evaluation. SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics (SSRG-IJAP) –Volume 6, Issue 3 – Sep to Dec 2019, pp. 66 – 73. ISSN: 2350 –0301.
[6] Kobasko, N. I., and Zhovnir, H. I., (1979). Analytical Method of Solving Thermal Problems for Steel Quenching, Visnyk of Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR, No. 12, pp. 41–50.
[7] Kobasko, N. I. (1980). Steel Quenching in Liquid Media under Pressure. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 206 p.
[8] Kondrat’ev, G. M., (1054). Regulyarnyi Teplovoy Rezhim (Regular thermal mode), Gostekhizdat, Moscow.
[9] Kondrat’ev, G. M., (1957). Teplovye Izmereniya (Thermal measurements), Mashgiz, Moscow.
[10] Mikheev, M. A., and I. M. Mikheeva, (1977). Osnovy Teploperedachi (Basics of Heat Transfer), Energy, Moscow, 344 p.
[11] ASTM Standard D6200-97: Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quench Oils by Cooling Curve Analysis, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2001.
[12] ASTM Standard D6482-99: Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants with Agitation (Tensi Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000.
[13] ASTM Standard D6549-00: Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA, 2000.
[14] .Kobasko, N.I.,.Moskalenko, A.A., .Logvinenko, P.N., .Dobryvechir V.V., (2019). New direction in liquid media development. Teplophisyka ta Tepoloenergetyka, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2019, pp. 33 – 40. https:doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2019.5.
[15] Lykov, A. V., (1967), Teoriya Teploprovodnosti (Theory of Heat Conduction), Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow, 596 pages.
[16] Kobasko, N.I., Moskalenko, A.A., Logvinenko, P.N., Totten, G.E., Dobryvechir, V.V. (2018). New Era in Designing and Governing Cooling Intensity of Liquid Quenchants to Decrease Distortion, International Journal of Current Research, Vol.10, Issue 8, pp. 72631- 72636.
[17] Kobasko, N. I., Moskalenko, A. A., Dobryvechir, V. V. (2018) Research on use of low concentration inverse solubility polymers in water for hardening machine components and tools. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, Number 2, pp. 63 – 71. DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00582.
[18] Totten, G. E., Bates, C. E., and Clinton M. A.., (1993). Handbook of Quenchants and Quenching Technology, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, USA, 507 p.
[19] Heat Treating Oil, Japanese Industrial Standard K 2242, 1980
[20] Liscic, B., (2016). Measurement and Recording of Quenching Intensity in Workshop Conditions Based on Temperature Gradients. Materials Performance and Characterization, 2016, 5 (1), 209–226. doi: 10.1520/ mpc20160007
[21] N..I. Kobasko, A.A.Moskalenko, V.V.Dobryvechir, and L.M. Protsenko. Intensive quenching of steel parts and tools in water salt solutions of optimal concentration. In a Book “Film and Nucleate Boiling Processes (STP 1534)” , ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, USA, 2012, pp. 142 – 166. ISBN: 978-0-8031-4.
[22] Manikhin, P.I, Bozhko, G.T., et.al., (1986). Quenchant (Its versions). Certificate No. 1231884. Registered in Patent Office of USSR on Jan. 15, 1986.
[23] Kobasko,N.I., Grankin, V.I., Cooling media for quenching of steel parts. UA Patent No. 4005. File number 4020742/SU.. .
[24] Kobasko, N.I., Nikolayev. E.D., Zahorodniaya., N.S., (1991). Quenchant for heat treating of steel parts. RU Patent No. 2026421. Filed on June 25., 1991. File number 4949221.
[25] Kobasko Nikolai, (2019). Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions. American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 76-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20190806.11
[26] Kobasko. N.I., (2019). High Quality Steel vs Surface Polymeric Layer during Quenching, Lambert Academic Publishing, 102 p. ISBN: 978-613-9-45596-6.
[27] N.I.Kobasko, (2012). Effect of accuracy of temperature measurements on determination of heat transfer coefficient during quenching in liquid media. In a Book “Film and Nucleate Boiling Processes (STP 1534)” , ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, USA, pp. 126 – 141. ISBN: 978-0-8031-4.
[28] Mukhina, M. P., Kobasko, N. I. and Gordeeva, L. V., (1989). Hardening of Structural Steels in Cooling Media Based on Chlorides, Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 31, No. 9, pp. 677–682.
[29] Waldeck, S., M. Castens, M., N. Riefler, N., Frerichs, F., Luebben; Th., Fritsching, U., (2019). Mechanisms and Process Control for Quenching with Aqueous Polymer Solutions. HTM J. Heat Treatm. Mat. 74 (4), pp. 1 -19, DOI:10.3139/105.110387
[30] Kobasko Nikolai, (2020). Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions. In: Ibtissem BELGACEM, editor. Prime Archives in Physics. Hyderabad, India: Vide Leaf.
[31] Kobasko, N.I., (2016). Investigation of batch intensive quenching processes when using hydrodynamic emitters in quench tanks. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, Number 6, pp. 30 – 36. DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00212. L
[32] Kobasko, N. I. (2019) Austempering Processes That are Performed via Cold Liquids, Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 16 p., DOI: 10.1520/mnl64-eb, ISBN: 978-620-0-11330-6.
[33] Kobasko, N.I. Alloyed Low Hardenability Steel and Method of its Composing, ., Ukrainian Patent UA 114174, C2, (2017) Filed on Sep. 23, 2013, File number: a 2013 11311, Published on June 25, 2016 in Bulletin No. 12, Legal day is May 10, 2017
[34] Kobasko, N.I. (2019) Optimized Steel Quenching Processes and Their New Modifications. SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics (SSRG-IJAP) – Volume 6 Issue 2 – May to August, pp. 79 – 86. ISSN: 2350 – 0301.
[35] Kobasko, N,I,, Optimal Hardenability Steel and Method for Its Composing, (2018). Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing, 116 p. ISBN: 978-613-9-82531-8.
[36] Kobasko, N.I., Aronov, M.A., Powell, J.A., Vanas, J.H, Intensive Quenching of Steel Parts: Equipment and Method, 7th IASME /WSEAS International Conference on HEAT TRANSFER, THERMAL ENGINEERING and ENVIRONMENT (HTE '09)., Aug. 22. 2009, pp. 153 – 158, Moscow, Russia. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17040.56328 , ISBN: 978-960-474-105-2.
[37] Povsten, S. G., N. I. Kobasko, A. A. Moskalenko, and A. A. Tyltin, On the Use of Monitoring Noise Effects for Realization of New Steel Quenching Methods, Proc. of the 7th International Congress on Heat Treatment, December 11–14, 1990, Moscow.
[38] Kichihin, A.M., Kobasko, N.I., Povsten, S.G.., Tyltin, A.A., Timchenko, N.P., A method of controlling the heat treating of steel parts. Certificate of innovation No. 1595928 (Issued by patent office of SU). Filed on Nov. 14, 1988, File number 4605186..
[39] Kobasko, N.I., Moskalenko, A.A, Dobryvechir, Method and Apparatus for Controlling Hardening Quality of Steel Components during Cooling in Liquid Media, UA Patent No. 119230. Filled on Sept. 04, 2015. File number File number No. a 2015 08593.
[40] Kobasko, N. I. (2009). Transient Nucleate Boiling as a Law of Nature and a Basis for Designing of IQ Technologies. Proc. of the 7th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Heat Transfer, Thermal Engineering and Environment (HTE’09), Moscow, Aug. 20–22, 67–76.