Experimentally Determining the Relationship between Hydrodynamic Drag and Salinity

International Journal of Applied Physics

© 2024 by SSRG - IJAP Journal

Volume 11 Issue 2

Year of Publication : 2024

Authors : Agastyaa Vishvanath

10.14445/23500301/IJAP-V11I2P101

How to Cite?

Agastyaa Vishvanath, "Experimentally Determining the Relationship between Hydrodynamic Drag and Salinity," SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 11,  no. 2, pp. 1-5, 2024. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23500301/IJAP-V11I2P101

Abstract:

This research paper aims to explore the relationship between the salinity of water and the Hydrodynamic Drag experienced by bodies moving through it. More specifically, it attempts to experimentally establish a generally applicable quantitative relation between the two and hypothesize the potential causes for it. This was done through experimentally determining the variation in fluid density and coefficient of Drag with salinity, as these are the only two variables that affect Drag force that has the potential to vary with salinity. The experiment involved measuring the mass and volume of saline solutions and then measuring the amount of time taken for a body with known characteristics to fall under gravity through a specified height of saline water. The data showed that Hydrodynamic Drag does appreciably increase with salinity in an approximately linear fashion. Moreover, the individual trends in density and coefficient of Drag further demonstrated that it was purely the increase in density with salinity that was responsible for the observed increase in Drag.

Keywords:

Salinity, Hydrodynamic Drag force, Drag coefficient, Fluid density, Differential equation modelling.

References:

[1] Alex Lascelles, “Submarine Drag Modelling and Hull Design,” Nuffield Research Project, 2012.
[Publisher Link]
[2] A. Escobar et al., “Influence of Temperature and Salinity on Hydrodynamic Forces,” Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 325-336, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Ahmed Kamel, and Subhash N. Shah, “Effects of Salinity and Temperature on Drag Reduction Characteristics of Polymers in Straight Circular Pipes,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol. 67, no. 1-2, pp. 23-33, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Adrian Deaconu, Drag Reducing Agents for Pipelines/Conduits, Epcmholdings, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://epcmholdings.com/drag-reducing-agents-for-pipelines-conduits/.
[5] Imre M. Jánosi et al., “Turbulent Drag Reduction in Dam-Break Flows,” Experiments in Fluids, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 219-229, 2004.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] F.R.S. Lord Rayleigh, “LIII. On the Resistance of Fluids,” The London, Edinburgh, And Dublin Philosophical Magazine And Journal Of Science, vol. 2, no. 13, pp. 430-441, 1876.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] M.D. Ibrahim et al., “The Study of Drag Reduction on Ships Inspired by Simplified Shark Skin Imitation,” Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, vol. 2018, pp. 1-11, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] T.R. Marrero, and G.S. Kuhlman, “Drag Reduction in Hydraulic Capsule Pipeline,” Handbook of Powder Technology, vol. 10, pp. 513–520, 2001.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Wouter Remmerie, What Is a Drag Coefficient?, AirShaper, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://airshaper.com/videos/what-is-a-drag-coefficient/bEgoZ_dAg7o.
[10] Skin Friction Drag, Friction Drag, SKYbrary, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://skybrary.aero/articles/friction-drag.
[11] Hydrodynamics, Mecaflux, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mecaflux.com/en/hydrodynamique.htm.