Determination of Seismic Response Modification Factor for RC Wall-Frames Structural Systems

International Journal of Civil Engineering

© 2022 by SSRG - IJCE Journal

Volume 9 Issue 3

Year of Publication : 2022

Authors : Ismail Kotb

10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V9I3P101

How to Cite?

Ismail Kotb, "Determination of Seismic Response Modification Factor for RC Wall-Frames Structural Systems," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 9,  no. 3, pp. 1-13, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V9I3P101

Abstract:

In this research, the response modification factor for various reinforced concrete wall-frames systems is calculated using the pushover analysis, which considers seismic loads exceeding their limitation. Different moment-resistant frames with rectangular shear walls, L-shape shear walls, one core, a combination of rectangular shear walls and one core, and L-shape shear walls and one core are among the load-resisting configurations explored. Three, five, seven, nine, eleven, and thirteen stories are investigated. The vertical and lateral loads are examined for all systems under consideration. The Egyptian Code for Calculation of Loads and Forces for Buildings ECP-201 (2012) and the Egyptian code for designing and constructing reinforced concrete buildings ECP-203 (2007) are used to develop these systems. The SAP2000 Version 14.2 software package is used for modelling and analysis. ECP-203 considers concrete and reinforcing steel (2007). The columns and beams are represented using frame elements, with plastic hinges at their ends according to FEMA 450 requirements; the shear walls are modelled with multi-layer shell elements. The R-factor is calculated by plotting the force-displacement relationships (pushover curves), with the study's main goal to determine the R-factor and its components.

Keywords:

Response modification factor, Nonlinear analysis, Wall-frames system, Plastic hinge formation, Multi-layer shell element.

References:

[1] “The Permanent Committee for Preparing the Egyptian Code, Egyptian Code for Calculation of Loads and Forces for Buildings ECP201,” Research Center for Housing and Building, Giza, Egypt, 2012.
[2] “The Permanent Committee for Preparing the Egyptian Code, Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings ECP-203,” Research Center for Housing and Building, Giza, Egypt, 2007.
[3] “Seismic Safety Commission State of California, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings ATC 19,” Applied Technology Council, California, U.S.A, 1978.
[4] C.-M. Uang, and V.V. Bertero, “Earthquake Simulation Tests and Associated Studies of A 0.3-Scale Model of A Six-Story Concentrically Braced Steel Structure,” Rep. No. UCB/EERC-86/10, University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A, 1986.
[5] A.S. Whittaker, C.-M. Uang, and V.V. Bertero, “Earthquake Simulation Tests and Associated Studies of a 0.3-Scale Model of a Six Story Eccentrically Braced Steel Structure,” Rep. No. UCB/EERC-87/02, University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A, 1987.
[6] “Seismic Safety Commission State of California, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings ATC 40,” Applied Technology Council, California, U.S.A, 1996.
[7] S. A. Freeman, “On the Correlation of Code Forces to Earthquake Demands,” In Proceedings of 4th U.S.-Japan Workshop on Improvement of Building Structural Design and Construction Practices, Applied Technology Council ATC-153 Report, California, U.S.A, 1990.
[8] N.M. Newmark, and W.J. Hall, “Seismic Design Criteria for Nuclear Reactor Facilities,” Rep. No. 46, Building Practices for Disaster Mitigation, National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1973.
[9] R. Riddell, and N.M. Newmark, “Statistical Analysis of the Response of Nonlinear Systems Subjected to Earthquakes,” Structural Research Series No. 468, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1979.
[10] N.M. Newmark and W.J. Hall, “EERI Monograph Series, Earthquake Spectra and Design,” Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 1982.
[11] Shih-Sheng P. Lai , and John M. Biggs, “Inelastic Response Spectra for Aseismic Building Design,” Journal of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1295-1310, 1980. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005449
[12] M.H. Peng, F. Elghadamsi, and B. Mohraz, “A Stochastic Procedure for Nonlinear Response Spectra,” Proceedings of the Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan, vol. 5, pp. 1069-1074, 1988.
[13] T. Takada, H. H. M. Hwang, and M. Shinozuka, “Response Modification Factor for Multiple Degree of Freedom Systems,” Proc. 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan, vol. 5, pp. 129-134, 1988.
[14] Rafael Riddell, Pedro Hidalgo and E. Cruz, “Response Modification Factors for Earthquake Resistant Design of Short Period Structures,” Earthquake Spectra, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 571-590, 1989. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585541
[15] P. A. Hidalgo, and A. Arias, “New Chilean Code for Earthquake-Resistant Design of Buildings,” In Proceedings of 4th U. S. National Conference Earthquake Engineering, Palm Springs, California, vol. 2, pp. 927-936, 1990.
[16] A. A. Nassar, and H. Krawinkler, “Seismic Demands for SDOF and MDOF Systems,” Report No. 95, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 1991.
[17] T. Vidic, P. Fajfar, and M. Fischinger, “A Procedure for Determining Consistent Inelastic Design Spectra,” Proceedings Workshop on Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of RC Structures, Beld, Slovenia, 1992.
[18] E. Miranda, “Site Dependent Strength Reduction Factors,” Journal of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 119, no. 12, pp. 3505-3519, 1993. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:12(3503)
[19] Eduardo Miranda, and Vitelmo V. Bertero, “Evaluation of Strength Reduction Factor for Earthquake-Resistant Design,” Earthquake Spectra, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 357-379, 1994. Crossref, http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585778
[20] J. D. Osteraas, and H. Krawinkler, “Strength and Ductility Consideration in Seismic Design,” Report No. 90, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A, 1991.
[21] Chia‐Ming Uang, “Establishing R (or RW) and Cd Factors for Building Seismic Provisions,” Journal of Structure Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 19-28, 1991. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9445(1991)117:1(19)
[22] B. Ellingwood, T. V. Galambos, J. G. MacGregor, and C. A. Cornell, Development of a Probability-Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., U.S.A, 1980.
[23] J. H., Cassis, and P. Bonelli, “Lessons Learned from March 3, 1985, Chile Earthquake and Related Research,” In Proceedings of 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, vol. 10, pp. 5675-5680, 1992.
[24] T. J. Zhu, W. K. Tso, and A. C. Heidebrecht, “Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Ductile Moment-Resisting Frame Buildings Located in Different Seismic Regions,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 688-710, 1992. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1139/l92-078
[25] Uang, Chia - Ming; Maarouf, Ahmed., “A Safety and Economy Considerations of UBC Seismic Force Reduction Factors,” National Earthquake Conference, pp. 121-130, 1993.
[26] H. Hwang and M. Shinozuka, “Effect of Large Earthquakes on the Design of Buildings in Eastern United State,” U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, pp. 223-231, 1994.
[27] Denis Mitchell, and Patrick Paultre, “Ductility and Overstrength in Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1049-1060, 1994. Crossref, http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-109
[28] Sudhir K. Jain, and Rahul Navin, “Seismic Overstrength in Reinforced Concrete Frames,” Journal of Structure Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 580-585, 1995. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:3(580)
[29] J. L. Humar, and M. A. Ragozar, “Concept of Overstrength in Seismic Design,” Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, pp. 639, 1996.
[30] A. J. Kappos, “Evaluation of Behavior Factors based on Ductility and Overstrength Studies,” Engineering Structures, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 823-835, 1999. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00050-9
[31] A. M. Mwafy, and A. S. Elnashai, “Calibration of Force Reduction Factors of RC Buildings,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 239-273, 2002. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460209350416
[32] T. Balindera and X. Huang, “Overstrength and Ductility Factors for Steel Frame Designed According to BS 5950,” Journal of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 8, no. 129, pp. 1019-1035, 2003. Crossref, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:8(1019)
[33] D.G. Lee, S.H. Cho, and H. Ko, “Response Modification Factors for Seismic Design of Building Structures in Low Seismicity Region,” Korea Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 2005.
[34] Park R., “State-of-the-Art Report - Ductility Evaluation from Laboratory and Analytical Testing,” In Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Kyoto, Japan, vol. 8, pp. 605-616, 1988. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.22.3.155-166
[35] CSI Computers & Structures Inc, “SAP2000 Integrated Software for Structural Analysis & Design Version 20.2,” Berkeley, California, U.S.A, 2017.
[36] Dudley Charles Kent and Robert Park, “Flexural Members with Confined Concrete,” Journal of the Structural Division Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 97, no. 7, pp. 1969-1990, 1971. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0002957
[37] M. F. Giberson, “The Response of Nonlinear Multistory Structures Subjected to Earthquake Excitation,” Ph.D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif, 1967.
[38] Z.W. Miao, et al., “Nonlinear FE Model for RC Shear Walls Based on Multi-layer Shell Element and Microplane Constitutive Model,” Computational Methods in Engineering and Science, EPMESC X, Sanya, Hainan, China, 2006. Crossref, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48260-4_50