Performance of Groundnut Shell Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Masonry Mortar

International Journal of Civil Engineering

© 2024 by SSRG - IJCE Journal

Volume 11 Issue 5

Year of Publication : 2024

Authors : Juma Wicklife Ondego, Isaac Fundi Sanewu, Naftary Gathimba

10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V11I5P103

How to Cite?

Juma Wicklife Ondego, Isaac Fundi Sanewu, Naftary Gathimba, "Performance of Groundnut Shell Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Masonry Mortar," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 11,  no. 5, pp. 22-33, 2024. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V11I5P103

Abstract:

Mortar is an important part of masonry construction worldwide. Presently, OPC remains the binder material of choice for mortar to develop structures for our socio-economic needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of local groundnut shell ash being used to replace the PPC-32.5N cement in type M and N masonry mortars. The characterization of the local GSA found it to be pozzolanic, belonging to class C. The properties of type M mortar (17.2N/mm2) and type N mortar (5.2N/mm2) were evaluated with partial cement replacement with GSA intervals of 0%, 7.5%, 12.5%, 17.5% and 22.5%. The compressive strength of the type M mortar cubes did not achieve the required minimum compressive strength of 17.2N/mm2 at 28 days of curing, but the mortar prism cured beyond 28 days achieved the minimum compressive strength of 17.2N/mm2 at 56 and 90 days of curing at 7.5% GSA replacement. In contrast, in type N mortar, a minimum compressive strength of 5.2N/mm2 at 28 days of curing was achieved at an optimum replacement of 17.5% GSA for cement. Similarly, mortar prism cured beyond 28 days achieved the same strength of 5.2N/mm2 at 90 days of curing with 17.5% GSA replacement. The flexural strength for both mortars exhibited high strength compared with the corresponding compressive strength in the range of 10-40%. The reactivity of the mortar was achieved at 7.5% GSA replacement in both types of mortars. Both initial and secondary sorptivity values increased with an increase in GSA content and did not conform to the specified values. In conclusion, type M mortar is to be replaced up to 7.5% while type N mortar is to be replaced up to 17.5% GSA for optimum strength.

Keywords:

Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Groundnut shell Ash, Mortar durability, Pozzolanic.

References:

[1] Pierre-Claude Aïtcin, and Sidney Mindess, Sustainability of Concrete, 1st ed., CRC Press, pp. 1-328, 2011.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] G.L. Oyekan, “Crushed Waste Glass in Sandcrete Block Manufacture,” Proceeding on 32nd Conference on Our World, Singapore, 2007.
[Google Scholar]  
[3] Pnut King, The Largest Peanut Producers in the World, Agrocrops, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.agrocrops.com/en/peanutsblogs/the-largest-peanut-producers-in-the-world  
[4] Faujdar Singh, and B. Diwakar, “Nutritive Value and Uses of Pigeon Pea and Groundnut,” Skill Development Series No. 14, Human Resource Development Program, pp. 1-44, 1993.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] T.A. Buari, S.A. Ademola, and S.T. Ayegbokiki, “Characteristics Strength of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Blended Concrete in Nigeria,” IOSR Journal of Engineering, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 1-7, 2013.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Navaratnarajah Sathiparan et al., “Potential Use of Groundnut Shell Ash in Sustainable Stabilized Earth Blocks,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 393, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Sumanth M. Kamplimath, and Ashwin M. Joshi, “Alternatives to Conventional Cement-Sand Mortar for Sustainable Masonry Construction,” Emerging Trends on Sustainable Construction – National Level Conference, Christ University, Bangalore, pp. 1-7, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] B.G. Anand Kumar, and R. Ravindra, “Properties and Performance of Mortar and Concrete Made with Recycled Glass Powder as Binder and Aggregate,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, First International Conference on Materials Science and Manufacturing Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, vol. 561, pp. 1-8, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] B.V. Ramamamurthy, and N. Himabindu, “Performance of Cement Mortar and Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with Clay Brick Powder-An Experimental Approach,” International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 385-389, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] J. Kreiker et al., “Study of Peanut Husk Ashes Properties to Promote its Use as Supplementary Material in Cement Mortars,” Revista IBRACON De Estruturas E Materiais, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 905-912, 2014.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] El-Sharif M. Ibrahiem, and Mutasim A. Ahmadai, “Pozzolanity Assessment of Sudanese Groundnut Shell Ash,” Conference Proceedings Civil Engineering, no. 2, pp. 126-132, 2018.
[Google Scholar]  
[12] P.R. Fernando et al., “Evaluates Some Engineering Properties of Innovative Sustainable Cement Blocks as a Partial Replacement of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA),” Acta Scientific Agriculture, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 2-7, 2018.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Victor Samuel, “Groundnut Shell Ash: A Local Construction Material in Concrete Production,” Fane-Fane International MultiDisciplinary Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25-25, 2020.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Sidi Yusuf Abdurrahman et al., “Compressive Strength and Optimization of Concrete Produced by Replacing Cement with Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) and Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA),” Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 207-214, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] 
[15] C. Anderson, and L.C. Held, “The Effect of Sand Grading on Mortar Properties and the Tensile Bond of Brickwork Specimens,” Proceedings of the British Masonry Society, vol. 1, pp. 1-5, 1986.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Abbagana Mohammed, Tim G. Hughes, and Aliyu Abubakar, “Importance of Sand Grading on the Compressive Strength and Stiffness of Lime Mortar in Small Scale Model Studies,” Open Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 372-378, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Jamilu Usman, Nasiru Yahaya, and E. Mohammed Mazizah, “Influence of Groundnut Shell Ash on the Properties of Cement Pastes,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Postgraduate Symposium in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, vol. 601, pp. 1-8, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Rushabh A. Shah, and Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “Effect of Water Absorption and Sorptivity on Durability of Pozzocrete Mortar,” International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 73-77, 2013.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] K. Rose, B.B. Hope, and A.K.C. IP, “Factors Affecting Strength and Durability of Concrete Made with Various Cements,” Transportation Research Record 1234, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, pp. 13-23, 1989.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] K. Gopi Shankar, and G.V. Rama Rao, “Variation of Sorptivity in Diverse Grades of Concrete Proportioned with Fly Ash, Woodhusk Ash and Rice Husk Ash,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1626-1633, 2017.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] D.W.S. Ho, and R.K. Lewis, “The Water Sorptivity of Concretes : The Influence of Constituents under Continuous Curing,” Durability of Building Materials, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 241-252, 1987.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Nicos S. Martys, and Chiara F. Ferraris, “Capillary Transport in Mortar and Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 747-760, 1997.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] ASTM C1585-04, “Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes,” ASTM International, 2010.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] C. Hall, “Water Sorptivity of Mortars and Concretes: A Review,” Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 41, no. 147, pp. 51-61, 1989.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] R. Guru Lakshmi et al., “Experimental Study on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Mortar with Fly Ash and Copper Slag,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 939-943, 2016.
[Publisher Link]
[26] BS 1881-122: Testing Concrete - Method for Determination of Water Absorption, BSI.Knowledge, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/testing-concrete-method-for-determination-of-water-absorption-1?version=standard