Analysis of Butterworth Filter For Electrocardiogram De-Noising Using Daubechies Wavelets

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering
© 2020 by SSRG - IJECE Journal
Volume 7 Issue 4
Year of Publication : 2020
Authors : Samson D.Yusuf, Francis C. Maduakolam, Ibrahim Umar, Abdulmumini Z. Loko
pdf
How to Cite?

Samson D.Yusuf, Francis C. Maduakolam, Ibrahim Umar, Abdulmumini Z. Loko, "Analysis of Butterworth Filter For Electrocardiogram De-Noising Using Daubechies Wavelets," SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 7,  no. 4, pp. 8-13, 2020. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V7I4P103

Abstract:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) examination has been identified as an important investigation in medical diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, wrong interpretation of these signals may lead to wrong diagnosis and wrong medication that can worsen the patient's situation; this is caused by noise in the signals. So denoising becomes paramount to the Physicians for better diagnosis. In this study, an extensive analysis of the Butterworth filter for ECG denoising using the Daubechies wavelets was carried out using MATLAB version 2015a. Noisy ECG signals downloaded from physionet.org under MIT-BIH arrhythmia database were de-noised using Butterworth filter displayed in both time and frequency domains while a quantitative evaluation was carried out to check the performance of the filter under signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), mean square error (MSE), and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Results show that denoising using Butterworth filter for SNR, MSE, and SIR gives an average value of 1.63dB, 0.2036, and 0.259dB, respectively. This implies that the Butterworth filter in ECG denoising is poor in taking care of background noise, and it also allows co-channel interference. Even though it tends to maintain a good fit for the useful signal, it also creates image signals that are also noise and cannot be recommended for ECG signal denoising. Hospitals management and cardiac health centers must understand the importance of these parameters to select ECG denoising filters for optimum diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords:

Electrocardiogram, Daubechies Wavelets, Butterworth Filter, De-Noising, Signals, noise interference.

References:

[1] L. S. Lilly, "Pathophysiology of heart disease: a collaborative project of medical students and faculty," 6th Ed., Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 74-75, 2012.
[2] K. Harjeet, and R. Rajini, "ECG Signal denoising with Savitzky-Golay filter and discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 36(5), pp. 266-269, 2016.
[3] B. Sharma, and J. Suji, "Analysis of various window techniques used for denoising ECG signal," In 2016 Symposium on Colossal Data Analysis and Networking, 2016, pp. 1-5.
[4] D. Sadhukhan, and M. Mitra, "R-peak detection algorithm for ECG using double-difference and RR interval processing," Procedia Technology, vol. 4, pp. 873-877, 2012.
[5] M. D. Wedeld, "Preliminary pre-processing of ECG-signals for use in multivariate analysis," MSc. Dissertation, University of Science and Technology Norwegian, 2018.
[6] B. U. Kohler, C. Hennig, and R. Orglmeister, "The principles of software QRS detection," IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, vol. 21(1), pp. 42-57, 2002.
[7] G. Walraven, "Basic Arrhythmias," 7th Ed., New York City. USA: Pearson, Pp. 1-11, 2016.
[8] C. Fisch, "Evolution of the clinical electrocardiogram," Journal of the American College of Cardiology vol. 14(5), pp. 1127-1138, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(89)90407-5
[9] P. Libby, R. O. Bonow, D. L. Mann, and D. P. Zipes, "Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine," vol. 2, Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 108, 2007.
[10]A. S. S. Ahmad, M. S. Matti, O. A. ALhabib, and S. Shaikhow, "Denoising of Arrhythmia ECG Signals," International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, vol. 7(3), pp. 83-93, 2018.
[11]A. Gupta, and S. Bhandari, "ECG noise reduction by different filters: A comparative analysis," IJRCCT, vol. 4(7), pp. 424-431, 2015.
[12]M. S. Sadooghi, and S. E. Khadem, "A new performance evaluation scheme for jet engine vibration signal denoising," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 76(1), pp. 201-212, 2016.
[13]S. M. Salerno, P. C. Alguire, and H. S. Waxman, "Competency in the interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiograms: a summary and appraisal of published evidence", Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 138(9), pp. 751-760, 2003. Doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00013.
[14]R. L. Jayes, G. C. Larsen, J. R. Beshansky, R. B. D'Agostino, and H. P. Selker, "Physician electrocardiogram reading in the emergency department—Accuracy and effect on triage decisions," Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 7(4), pp. 387-392, 1992.
[15]A. H. Kadish, A. E. Buxton, H. L. Kennedy, B. P. Knight, J. W. Mason, C. D. Schuger, and J. W. Hirshfeld Jr, "ACC/AHA clinical competence statement on electrocardiography and ambulatory electrocardiography: A report of the AHA/ACP-ASIM task force on clinical competence," Endorsed by the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Vol. 104, pp. 3169-3178, 2001.
[16]N. Rastogi, and R. Mehra, "Analysis of Butterworth and Chebyshev filters for ECG denoising using wavelets," IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 6(6), pp. 37-44, 2013.
[17]M. Khan, F. Aslam, T. Zaidi, and S. A. Khan, "Wavelet based ECG denoising using signal-noise residue method," In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2011, pp. 1-4. IEEE.
[18]H. Gholam-Hosseini, H. Nazeran, and K. J. Reynolds, "ECG noise cancellation using digital filters," In Proceedings of the
2nd International Conference on Bioelectromagnetism, 1998, pp. 151-152. IEEE.
[19]S. C. Pei, and C. C. Tseng, "Elimination of AC interference in electrocardiogram using IIR notch filter with transient suppression," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 42(11), pp. 1128-1132, 1995.
[20]J. M. Łęski, and N. Henzel, "ECG baseline wander and power line interference reduction using nonlinear filter bank," Signal Processing, vol. 85(4), pp. 781-793, 2005.
[21]J, A. Van, Alste, and T. S. Schilder, "Removal of baseline wander and power-line interference from the ECG by an efficient FIR filter with a reduced number of taps," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. (12), pp. 1052-1060, 1985.
[22]M. Merah, T. A. Abdelmalik, and B. H. Larbi, "R-peaks detection based on stationary wavelet transform," Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 121(3), pp. 149-160, 2015.
[23]G. Bianchi, and R. Sorrentino, "Electronic filter simulation & design," New York, USA: McGraw Hill Professional, Pp. 17-20, 2007.
[24]S. Butterworth, "On the theory of filter amplifiers," Wireless Engineer, vol. 7(6), pp. 536-541, 1930.
[25](2019a). The Net Spot website. [Online]. Available: https://www.netspotapp.com/help/what-is-the-signal-to-noise/.
[26]B. Bruner. (2003) Mean square error: definition and examples home page on the study. [Online]. Available: https://study.com/academy/lesson/estimation-of-r-squared-variance-of-epsilon-definition-examples.html.
[27]S. U. Nnebe, G. N. Onoh, and C. O. Ohaneme, "Empirical Analysis of Signal-to-Interference Ratio Variations in IEEE 802.11b WLAN", International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 1(2), pp. 263-670, 2012.
[28]P. Suksompong. (2020) Co-channel Interference: Cellular Systems homepage on DocPlayer. [Online]. Available: https://docplayer.net/31071961-Ecs455-chapter-2-cellular-systems.html.
[29](2019b) The Net Spot website. [Online]. Available: https://www.netspotapp.com/help/signal-to-interference-ratio/. Accessed 16 March 2020
[30]S. Sharma, and R. P. Narwaria, "Performance Evaluation of Various Window Techniques for Noise Cancellation from ECG Signal," International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 93(19), pp. 1-5, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5120/16464-5826
[31]P. Krishnamurthy, N. Swethaanjali, and M. A. B. Laxshmi, "Comparison of various filtering techniques used for removing high-frequency noise in ECG signal," International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management, vol. 3(1), pp. 211-215, 2015.
[32]D. Sadhukhan, and M. Mitra, "ECG noise reduction using Fourier coefficient suppression," In Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Energy and Communication, 2014, pp. 142-146. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEC.2014.6959066.
[33]Divya Savani, Ukshit Prajapati, Harsh Shingala, Prashant Tanti "A New Method for Acquisition and Analysis of ECG Signal using Virtual Environment" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 67.3 (2019): 105-110.
[34]N.V.H.Ravikumar , Dr.CH.Sai Babu , K. Durga Syam Prasad . "Detection and Improvement of Power Quality Disturbances using Wavelet Transform with Noise - Suppression Method". International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT). V3(4):534-543 Jul-Aug 2012.
[35]Anand Kumar Patwari , Durgesh Pansari , Vijay Prakash Singh."Analysis of ECG Signal Compression Technique Using Discrete Wavelet Transform for Different Wavelets", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology(IJETT), V8(4),168-173 February 2014.
[36]Suresh Patel , Dr. Ashutosh Datar. "ECG Data Compression using Wavelet Transform", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V9(15),770-776 March 2014. ISSN:2231-5381.