Exploring the Generations: A Comparative Study of Mobile Technology from 1G to 5G
| International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering |
| © 2023 by SSRG - IJECE Journal |
| Volume 10 Issue 7 |
| Year of Publication : 2023 |
| Authors : Kireet Muppavaram, Sudeepthi Govathoti, Deepthi Kamidi, T.Bhaskar |
10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V10I7P106
How to Cite?
Kireet Muppavaram, Sudeepthi Govathoti, Deepthi Kamidi, T.Bhaskar, "Exploring the Generations: A Comparative Study of Mobile Technology from 1G to 5G," SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 54-62, 2023. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V10I7P106
Abstract:
This paper comprehensively compares the evolution of mobile technology from 1G to 5G. The study investigates the generational changes in technologies, infrastructure, data transfer and connectivity, network capacity and spectral efficiency, latency and responsiveness, and security provisions. The context of the study is established in the introduction, which emphasises the significance of comprehending the evolution of mobile technology. Examining technologies and infrastructure reveals the underlying technologies used in each generation, whereas data transfer and connectivity analysis illustrates the exponential growth in data transfer rates. Additionally, the study emphasises the enhancements in network capacity, spectral efficiency, and the significance of decreased latency for more responsive user experiences. In addition, it examines the security provisions implemented in each generation to safeguard the data and privacy of users. This comparative study provides valuable insights into the advancements and transformations that have shaped the mobile communication landscape, providing the groundwork for future advancements in mobile technology.
Keywords:
Mobile technologies, Generations, Data transfer in mobiles, Network capacity, Spectral efficiency, Security provisions.
References:
[1] David Rupprecht et al., “On Security Research Towards Future Mobile Network Generations,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2518-2542, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] José A Del Peral-Rosado et al., “Survey of Cellular Mobile Radio Localization Methods: From 1G to 5G,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1124-1148, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] M. W. Oliphant, “The Mobile Phone Meets the Internet,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 20-28, 1999.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Jukka Liikanen, Paul Stoneman, and Otto Toivanen, “Intergenerational Effects in the Diffusion of New Technology: the Case of Mobile Phones,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol. 22, no. 8–9, pp. 1137-1154, 2004.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] R. Safavi-Naini, W. Susilo, and G. Taban, “Towards Securing 3G Mobile Phones,” Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 222-227, 2001.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Y. Xiao, Y. Pan, and J. Li, “Design and Analysis of Location Management for 3G Cellular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 339-349, 2004.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Peter J Burke, “4G Antipode: Remote Control of A Ground Vehicle from Around the World,” IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 150-153, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Jefferson Ribadeneira-Ramírez et al., “Interference Analysis between Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) and 4G LTE Mobile Networks in the Digital Dividend Bands,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 24-34, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Justus Rischke et al., “5G Campus Networks: A First Measurement Study,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 121786-121803, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Yonatan Tekle, Ayele Shumetie, and Haylemaryam Gashaw, “Capacity Dimensioning and Network Planning of UMTS Network for Hawassa City,” SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 15-19, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Khalid Hajri et al., “5G Deployment in the Oil and Gas Industry,” SSRG International Journal of Industrial Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 13-15, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[12] Khaled Elbehiery, and Hussam Elbehiery, “5G as a Service (5GaaS),” SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 22-30, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[13] Abdullah Jameel Rowaished, and Mohammed Mubarak Ghefaily, “An Overview into Applications and Risks in 5G NR Technology,” SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 8-9, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[14] Amitabha Ghosh et al., “5G Evolution: A View on 5G Cellular Technology Beyond 3GPP Release 15,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 127639-127651, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Bazil Taha Ahmed, and Miguel Calvo Ramon, “On the Impact of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) on Macrocell Downlink of UMTS and CDMA-450 Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 406-412, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Valerio Etcharte, and Edu ardo Vale, “The Integration of the Satellite Communications with the Terrestrial Mobile Network (UMTS),” IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1175-1179, 2012.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Burla Sai Teja, and Vivia Mary John, “Generations of Wireless Mobile Networks: An Overview,” Proceedings of International Conference on Deep Learning, Computing and Intelligence, Springer, Singapore, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Bishara Shamee et al., “GauSsian Minimum Shift Keying for Spectrally Efficient and dispersion Tolerant Optical Communications,” CLEO/QELS: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 1-2, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] L. B. Milstein, “Wideband Code Division Multiple Access,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1344-1354, 2000.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Waziha Kabir, “Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM),” 2008 China-Japan Joint Microwave Conference, Shanghai, China, pp. 178-184, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[21] Sinan A Khwandah et al., “Massive MIMO Systems for 5G Communications,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 120, pp. 2101– 2115, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Noor Hidayah Muhamad Adnan, Islam Md. Rafiqul, and A. H. M. Zahirul Alam, “Massive MIMO for Fifth Generation (5G): Opportunities and Challenges,” 2016 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE), Kuala Lumpur, pp. 47-52, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Imtiaz Parvez et al., “A Survey on Low Latency Towards 5G: RAN, Core Network and Caching Solutions,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 3098-3130, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] Kireet Muppavaram et al., “Investigation of Omnidirectional Vision and Privacy Protection in Omnidirectional Cameras,” SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 105-116, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[25] Kireet Muppavaram et al., “How Safe Is Your Mobile App? Mobile App Attacks and Defense,” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Informatics, Springer, Singapore, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] M. Kireet et al., “Investigation of Contemporary Attacks in Android Apps,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1789-1794, 2019.
[Publisher Link]
[27] M. Kireet, and Meda Sreenivasa Rao, “PLANT: Permission Leakage AvoidaNce through Filteration,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 87, pp. 210-214, 2016.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]