Enhancing Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Novel Energy-Harvesting Protocol
| International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering |
| © 2024 by SSRG - IJECE Journal |
| Volume 11 Issue 10 |
| Year of Publication : 2024 |
| Authors : Hamza ZRADGUI, IBRAHIMI KHALIL |
10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V11I10P105
How to Cite?
Hamza ZRADGUI, IBRAHIMI KHALIL, "Enhancing Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Novel Energy-Harvesting Protocol," SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 58-76, 2024. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V11I10P105
Abstract:
Underwater Wireless Sensors Networks (UWSNs) are comprised of sensor nodes collaborating and connecting each other and different objects in the maritime and underwater environments, an emerging ecosystem for communication and observing the target environments. The applications of UWSNs include underwater exploration, intelligent monitoring for disaster prevention and monitoring, oil gas exploration, etc. The UWSNs impact a wide range of sizes, from a small scientific observatory to a medium-sized harbour to worldwide oceanic traffic. UWSNs network architecture is inherently heterogeneous and must be durable enough to operate in severe settings. This poses significant hurdles regarding underwater communications, especially given the limited energy supplies available. Furthermore, UWSNs face a number of inherent problems, including frequent node mobility due to water currents, a high error rate, limited bandwidth, significant latency, and energy constraints. A sensor node that does not have enough energy in its battery cannot contribute to network performance and is effectively worthless as a void hole. The battery in an underwater wireless sensor network cannot be recharged or replaced. As a result, in order to extend the network’s life, we’ll need a source that can harvest energy from the environment and replenish the sensor node’s battery. The Extended Energy-Scaled and Expanded Vector-Based Forwarding Protocol (EESEVBF) uses the timer method to prevent duplicate packets. A proposed novel Mollies and Platies Bottom-feeder pods routing aided Energy Harvesting for (MPBFP-EH) Underwater Wireless Sensors Networks (UWSNs) protocol, which harvests energy from ambient sources and extends the network lifetime. The timer value is calculated based on the distance from the transmission area’s boundary relative to the inverse energy of the potential forwarding node at the first and second hops, the distance from the virtual pipeline, the distance from the source to the potential forwarding nodes at the second hop, the distance from the first-hop PFN to its destination. Furthermore, it can be seen from the results that the proposed scheme outperformed compared to the banckmarker EESEVBF in terms of energy tax, PDR, and end-to-end delay with an average of 15%, 11% and 8%.
Keywords:
Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensors Networks (UAWSNs), Mollies and Platies Bottom-feeders pods routing protocol, Energy Harvesting for Underwater Wireless Sensors Networks.
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