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Parametric Analysis of a New Defect Ground Structure-Based Five-Pole Hairpin Bandpass Filter for 5G Applications

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering
© 2025 by SSRG - IJECE Journal
Volume 12 Issue 1
Year of Publication : 2025
Authors : Shereen Abdalkadum Shandal
10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V12I1P115
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How to Cite?

Shereen Abdalkadum Shandal, "Parametric Analysis of a New Defect Ground Structure-Based Five-Pole Hairpin Bandpass Filter for 5G Applications," SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 1, pp. 193-201, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V12I1P115

Abstract:

In this research, a five-pole hairpin structure is designed, analyzed, simulated, and fabricated on the top layer of the substrate using different Defect Ground Structure (DGS) techniques utilizing the upper and lower layers of the suggested filter. Demand for such filters has grown due to recent trends in tiny size and enhanced filter performance, notably in scattering parameters and broader bandwidth. The DGS at the top layer includes a series of consecutive grooves etched at the first and fifth resonators. While thin rectangular slots are etched at the bottom layer, this design is considered an enhancement over present works. Consequentially, FR4 substrate with permittivity of 1.6 and 1.55 thickness was used to fabricate this filter. Four important parameters have been optimized through parametric optimization; these are the 12mm resonator length Lr, the (11.1×0.1) mm2 area of DGS at the bottom layer, the 5.5mm feed point position t, and the 0.1mm and 0.2mm spacing between two adjacent hairpin resonators, which have different values designated as S1 and S2, respectively. The simulation results were obtained using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The presented filter works within a bandwidth of (2.15 - 3.88) GHz and a 3GHz center frequency. The obtained insertion and return loss values at the passband region are -1.17dB and -56.19 dB. Another software simulator verifies this simulation result, Computer Simulation Technology (CST). Furthermore, this produced filter demonstrates design validity, with outcomes of measurement closely aligning with anticipated outcomes, making it appropriate for diverse Fifth-Generation (5G) applications.

Keywords:

Five-pole hairpin, Defect ground structure, Insertion loss, Fractional bandwidth, group delay, Vector Network Analyzer.

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