Call for Paper - Upcoming Issues

Voltage-Booster for CMOS Wide-Band High-Precision Rectifier of Energy Harvesting for Implantable Medical Devices in Internet of Bodies (IOB) Telemedicine Embedded System

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
© 2022 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal
Volume 9 Issue 4
Year of Publication : 2022
Authors : Hafez Fouad, Hesham Kamel, Adel Youssef
10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V9I4P103
pdf
How to Cite?

Hafez Fouad, Hesham Kamel, Adel Youssef, "Voltage-Booster for CMOS Wide-Band High-Precision Rectifier of Energy Harvesting for Implantable Medical Devices in Internet of Bodies (IOB) Telemedicine Embedded System," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 9,  no. 4, pp. 19-30, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V9I4P103

Abstract:

This work proposes a new full-wave CMOS rectifier dedicated to wirelessly powered low voltage biomedical implants. It uses a diode Voltage Booster to Avoid Breakdown to maximize the higher wide-Band limit in the CMOS Rectifier for Energy Harvesting of Implantable Devices in a Telemedicine Embedded System. So, The rectifier topology now no longer requires a complicated circuit layout. It uses the best voltage to be had inside the circuit to force the gate of the chosen transistor, lowering present leakage day and lowering channel resistance even as showing excessive mutual conductance. The proposed rectifier at frequency 2.4 GHz has a two-stage structure with higher precision active diodes and diode voltage boosters in a typical 65nm CMOS process. The minimum working voltage is lower than in earlier publications, and the rectifier may be operated with input voltage amplitudes ranging from 0.2V to 4V before the Breakdown occurs. With this improvement, the rectifier can now function with various energy harvest systems such as vibrational energy harvest systems, electrostatic energy harvest systems, electromagnetic energy harvest systems, piezoelectric energy harvest systems, etc. The projected rectifier has a maximum voltage conversion efficiency (VCE) of more than 93.1 percent. A novel full-wave CMOS rectifier for low voltage wireless biomedical implants is described in this article.

Keywords:

CMOS, Diode Voltage Booster, Breakdown Voltage, Wide-Band Rectifier, High Precision Rectifier, Energy Harvesting, Implantable Devices, Telemedicine, Internet of Bodies IOB, Embedded System.

References:

[1] Zhao, T. Fu, Y. He, H.; Dong, C. Zhang, L. Zeng, H. Xing, L. Xue, X. Self-powered gustation electronic skin for mimicking taste buds based on piezoelectric–enzymatic reaction coupling process. Nanotechnology (2018) 29, 075501.
[2] Jin, W. Wang, Z. Huang, H. Hu, X. He, Y. Li, M. Li, L. Gao, Y. Hu, Y. Gu, H. High-performance piezoelectric energy harvesting of vertically aligned Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 nanorod arrays. RSC Adv. (2018)(8)7422–7427.
[3] Lu, C. Tsui, C.Y. Ki, W.H. Vibration energy scavenging and management for ultra low power applications. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), Portland, OR, USA, 27–29 (8)(2017) 316–321.
[4] Hafez Fouad, and Hesham Kamel. Home Rehabilitation of Patient using Bioelectronics Nano-Medicine Devices and 65nm CMOS Embedded Electronics For Insulation To avoid Coronavirus Infection SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 9(4)(2022)1-9. Crossref,
[5] Hafez Fouad , A Highly Efficient 0.18um CMOS Rectifier For Vibrational Energy Harvesting System in Embedded Electronics Design, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE), E-ISSN: 2348-8379,P-ISSN:2349-9176,(6)(2020 )Edition,
[6] Din, A.U. Chung, D. Park, D. Lee, H. Lee, J.-W. A high extraction selfcontrollable CMOS resonant rectifier circuit for piezoelectric energy scavenging system. In Proceedings of the 2014 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC), Jeju,Korea, 3–6 (11)(2014) 40–41.
[7] Lu, C. Tsui, C.Y. Ki, W.H. Vibration energy scavenging system with maximum power tracking for micropower applications. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. (2011)19,2109–2119.
[8] Do, X.-D. Nguyen, H.H. Han, S.K. Lee, S.G. A rectifier for piezoelectric energy harvesting system with series synchronized switch harvesting inductor. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC), Singapore, 11–13 (11)(2013)10–13.
[9] Kwon, D. Rincón-Mora, G.A.F. A single-inductor 0.35 m CMOS energy-investing piezoelectric harvester. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits (49)(2014) 2277–2291.
[10] Cook BW, Lanzisera S, Pister KSJ. SoC issues for RF smart dust. Proc IEEE (94)(2006)1177–96.
[11] B. Rivera, R. J. Baker, and J. Melngailis, Design and layout of schottky diodes in a standard CMOS process, in Semiconductor Device Research Symposium, 2001 International, (2001) 79-82.
[12] R. Singh, J. A. Cooper, M. R. Melloch, T. Chow, and J. W. Palmour, SiC power Schottky and PiN diodes, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 49(4) (2002)665-672.
[13] R. Singh, J. A. Cooper, M. R. Melloch, T. Chow and J. W. Palmour, SiC power Schottky and PiN diodes," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 49(4)(2002)665-672.
[14] F. Mazzilli, P. E. Thoppay, N. Jöhl and C. Dehollain, Design methodology and comparison of rectifiers for UHFband RFIDs, in Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), 2010 IEEE, (2010)505-508.
[15] J. Yi, W.-H. Ki, and C.-Y. Tsui, Analysis and design strategy of UHF micro-power CMOS rectifiers for microsensor and RFID applications member, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, 54(1)(2007).
[16] J.-P. Curty, N. Joehl, F. Krummenacher, C. Dehollain, and M. J. Declercq, A model for u-power rectifier analysis and design,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, 52(12)(2005).
[17] A. Ashry, K. Sharaf, and M. Ibrahim, A simple and accurate model for RFID rectifier, IEEE Systems Journal, 2(4)(2008)520–524.
[18] G. Papotto, F. Carrara, and G. Palmisano, A 90-nm CMOS threshold-compensated RF energy harvester, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 46(9)(2011)1985–1997.
[19] U. Karthaus and M. Fischer, Fully Integrated Passive UHF RFID Transponder IC with 16.7 u W Minimum RF Input Power, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 38(10)(2003)1602–1608.
[20] Y. Yao, J. Wu, Y. Shi, and F. F. Dai, A fully integrated 900-MHz passive RFID transponder front end with novel zero-threshold RF-DC rectifier, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(7)(2009)2317– 2325.
[21] H. Nakamoto, D. Yamazaki, T. Yamamoto, et al., A passive UHF RF identification CMOS tag IC using ferroelectric RAM in 0.35-um technology, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 42(1)(2007)101–109.
[22] T. Umeda, H. Yoshida, S. Sekine, Y. Fujita, T. Suzuki, and S. Otaka, A950-MHz rectifier circuit for sensor network tags with 10-m distance, Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 41(1)(2006).
[23] A. Sasaki, K. Kotani, and T. Ito, Differential-drive CMOS rectifier for UHF RFIDs with 66% PCE at -12 dBm input, in Proceedings of the IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (ASSCC 08), (11)(2008)105–108, Fukuoka, Japan.
[24] K. Kotani and T. Ito, “High-efficiency CMOS rectifier circuit with self-Vth-cancellation and power regulation functions for UHF RFIDs, in Proceedings of the IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (ASSCC 07), (11)(2007)119–122, Jeju, Korea.
[25] H. Xu and M. Ortmanns, Wide-band wide-input efficiency enhanced CMOS rectifier with self temperature and process compensation,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Semiconductor Conference Dresden: Technology, Design, Packaging, Simulation and Test (SCD 11), (9)(2011)1–4, Dresden, Germany.
[26] F. Mazzilli, P. E. Thoppay, N. Jöhl, and C. Dehollain, Design methodology and comparison of rectifiers for UHF band RFIDs, in Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), 2010 IEEE, (2010)505-508.
[27] C.-L. Chen, K.H. Chen, and S.I. Liu, Efficiency-enhanced CMOS rectifier for wireless telemetry, Electronics Letters, 43(18)(2007)976– 978.
[28] J. Yi, W.H. Ki, and C.Y. Tsui, Analysis and design strategy of UHF micro-power CMOS rectifiers for microsensor and RFID applications member, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, 55(1)(2008)