Design and Implementation of 85dB CMRR, 4.2 MHz CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier for Bio-Electric Signals
| International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering |
| © 2023 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal |
| Volume 10 Issue 8 |
| Year of Publication : 2023 |
| Authors : Milind P Gajare, Dnyandeo K Shedge, Mohini P Sardey, Vinayak K Bairagi |
10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V10I8P119
How to Cite?
Milind P Gajare, Dnyandeo K Shedge, Mohini P Sardey, Vinayak K Bairagi, "Design and Implementation of 85dB CMRR, 4.2 MHz CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier for Bio-Electric Signals," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 195-205, 2023. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V10I8P119
Abstract:
This paper presents the design and Implementation of a novel CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier using capacitive neutralization and feedback transconductance techniques for bioelectric signal enhancement. The proposed amplifier also implements indirect current feedback, operating at a 3-volt supply. With a compact footprint of 0.062mm² on the chip, the amplifier achieves an impressive bandwidth of 4.2MHz and 85 dB CMRR. Implemented using 0.25μm CMOS technology, the proposed Instrumentation Amplifier showcases notable characteristics.
Keywords:
Bandwidth, Bioelectric signals, CMRR, ICMR, Indirect current feedback, Power consumption.
References:
[1] R. Martins, S. Selberherr, and F. A. Vaz, “A CMOS IC for Portable EEG Acquisition Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1191-1196, 1998.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Maryam Shojaei-Baghini, Rakesh K. Lal, and Dinesh K. Sharma, “A Low-Power and Compact Analog CMOS Processing Chip for Portable ECG Recorders,” 2005 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, Hsinchu, Taiwan, pp. 473-476, 2005.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] R. S. Khandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, 3rd ed., McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, pp. 43-49, 2014.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Viola Schaffer et al., “A 36 V Programmable Instrumentation Amplifier with Sub-20 μV Offset and a CMRR in Excess of 120 dB at All Gain Settings,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 2036-2046, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Mohamad Rahal, and Andreas Demosthenous, “A Synchronous Chopping Demodulator and Implementation for High-Frequency Inductive Position Sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3693-3701, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Milad Zamani et al., “A 1.55 μW Bio-Impedance Measurement System for Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers in 0.18 μm CMOS,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 211-221, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Chung-Jae Lee, and Jong-In Song, “A Chopper Stabilized Current-Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier for EEG Acquisition Applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 11565-11569, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Arun Rao et al., “An Analog Front End ASIC for Cardiac Electrical Impedance Tomography,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 729-738, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Elkyn Hernández Sanabria et al., “A Design Methodology for an Integrated CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier for Bioespectroscopy Applications,” 2017 CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), Pucon, pp. 1-7, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, 2nd ed., Tata Megraw Hill, pp. 124-126, 2017.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Kwantae Kim et al., “A 24 μW 38.51 mΩrms Resolution Bio-Impedance Sensor with Dual Path Instrumentation Amplifier,” ESSCIRC 2017 - 43rd IEEE European Solid State Circuits Conference, Leuven, Belgium, pp. 223-226, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Zhangming Zhu, and Wenbin Bai, “A 0.5-V 1.3- μW Analog Frontend CMOS Circuit,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 523-527, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Devarshi Mrinal Das et al., “A Novel Low-Noise Fully Differential CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier with 1.88 Noise Efficiency Factor for Biomedical and Sensor Applications,” Microelectronics Journal, vol. 53, pp. 35-44, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Apisak Worapishet, Andreas Demosthenous, and Xiao Liu, “A CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier with 90-dB CMRR at 2-MHz using Capacitive Neutralization: Analysis, Design Considerations, and Implementation,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 699-710, 2011.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] D. Susheel Kumar et al., “A High CMRR Analog Front-End IC for Wearable Physiological Monitoring,” 2012 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), Kochi, India, pp. 385-388, 2012.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] M. P. Varghese, and T. Muthumanickam, “An Analog Circuit Designing Model via Machine Learning for Stage Classification and Evolutionary Solution Optimization Algorithm,” SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 17-26, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[17] Chinmayee Nanda et al., “A CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier with Low Voltage and Low Noise for Portable ECG Monitoring Systems,” 2008 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, pp. 54-58, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Wei-Chih Huang, and Kea-Tiong Tang, “A 90 nm CMOS Low Noise Readout Front-End for Portable Biopotential Signal Acquisition,” 2012 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Hsinchu, Taiwan, pp. 33-36, 2012.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Chutham Sawigun, and Surachoke Thanapitak, “A Compact Sub-μW CMOS ECG Amplifier with 57.5-MΩ Zin, 2.02 NEF, 8.16 PEF and 83.24-dB CMRR,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 549-558, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Zaniar Hoseini et al., “Current Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier with Built-in Differential Electrode Offset Cancellation Loop for ECG/EEG Sensing Frontend,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 70, pp. 1-11, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Cesar Augusto Prior et al., “Design of an Integrated Low Power High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier for Biomedical Applications,” SBCCI ’07: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design, pp. 71-75, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] R. Carlo Novara, and Mohamed Djemai, “Design of a CMOS Multiplexer with Ultra Low Power using Current Mode Logic Technology,” SSRG International Journal of VLSI & Signal Processing, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 8-12, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] R. F. Yazicioglu et al., “A 60μW 60nV/radicHz Readout Frontend for Portable Biopotential Acquisition Systems,” 2006 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 109-118, 2006.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] J. F. Witte et al., “A Current-Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier with 5 μV Offset for Bidirectional High-Side Current-Sensing,” 2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 574-596, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Joshua T. Ramdeo, and Viranjay M. Srivastava, “Prototype Design and Analysis of 4-Stage Operational-Amplifier using Double-Gate MOSFET,” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 175-188, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[26] J. Hinay Shelly, and B. Craige Shreen, “D Flip Flops for Linear Response Shift Register in CMOS Technology,” SSRG International Journal of VLSI & Signal Processing, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 16-20, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[27] Wei-Song Wang et al., “Low-Power Instrumental Amplifier for Portable ECG,” 2009 IEEE Circuits and Systems International Conference on Testing and Diagnosis, Chengdu, China, pp. 1-4, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[28] E. Sackinger, and W. Guggenbuhl, “A Versatile Building Block: The CMOS Differential Difference Amplifier,” IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 287-294, 1987.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] Rida S. Assaad, and Jose Silva-Martinez, “The Recycling Folded Cascode: A General Enhancement of the Folded Cascode Amplifier,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2535-2542, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[30] F. Corsi, and C. Marzocca, “An Approach to the Analysis of the CMOS Differential Stage with Active Load and Single-Ended Output,” IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 325-328, 2003.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[31] Montree Kumngern, Tomasz Kulej, and Fabian Khateb, “31.3 nW, 0.5 V Bulk-Driven OTA for Biosignal Processing,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 56516-56525, 2023.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]