Impact of Regulations on ECB Inflows

International Journal of Economics and Management Studies
© 2024 by SSRG - IJEMS Journal
Volume 11 Issue 4
Year of Publication : 2024
Authors : Prachi Agarwal, Swami Prasad Saxena
pdf
How to Cite?

Prachi Agarwal, Swami Prasad Saxena, "Impact of Regulations on ECB Inflows," SSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, vol. 11,  no. 4, pp. 1-9, 2024. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939125/IJEMS-V11I4P101

Abstract:

External commercial borrowings (ECB) are loans availed by resident entities from non-resident eligible lenders under norms established by the government. The government amends its policies from time to time to enable domestic enterprises to borrow from global markets. Since liberalisation, the Government of India also has relaxed its policies to allow Indian firms to access the international capital markets. The present study focuses on the examination of the impact of key changes in ECB policy done by the government of India on ECB inflows. This is performed by conducting CHOW breakpoint analysis and ARIMA modelling methodologies. The results of the CHOW break test indicate a significant impact of policy changes on the pattern of capital inflows, and the findings of the ARIMA model indicate a significant gap between actual and forecasted ECB inflows.

Keywords:

External Commercial Borrowings, policy changes, liberalisation, Reserve Bank of India, Foreign Exchange Management Act.

References:

[1] A. Arunperumal, “External Commercial Borrowings in India - An Overview,” International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication,” vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 208-213, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Udichibarna Bosea, Sushanta Mallick, and Serafeim Tsoukas, “Does Easing Controls on External Commercial Borrowings Boost Exporting Intensity of Indian Firms?,” Conference Paper, 2017.
[Google Scholar]
[3] Leiderman Leonardo, Guillermo A. Calvo, and Carmen Reinhart, “Inflows of Capital to Developing Countries in the 1990s: Causes and Effects,” Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Washington, DC, Working Paper, no. 302, 1994.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Surya Dev, “External Commercial Borrowings in India and its Sensitivity to Macroeconomic Factors: An Empirical Analysis,” Finance Area, Institute of Management and Information Science, pp. 1-22, 2012.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] M.M. Goyal, “Macroeconomic Implications of Total Capital Inflows in India,” International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 300-305, 2014.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Smita Gupta, “External Commercial Borrowing: Quest in India,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach and Studies, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 289-294, 2014.
[Google Scholar]
[7] Umanath Kumarasamy, “Does Foreign Exchange Reserve Affect External Commercial Borrowings – Indian Pragmatic Indication,” Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 89-95, 2012.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Ila Patnaik, Ajay Shah, and Nirvikar Singh, “Foreign Currency Borrowing by Indian Firms: Towards a New Policy Framework,” Macro/Finance Group, NIPFP, India Policy Forum, vol. 12, pp. 139-174, 2016.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Ashis Kumar Pradhan, and Gourishankar S. Hiremath, “External Commercial Borrowings by the Corporate Sector in India,” Journal of Public Affairs, vol. 20, no. 1, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Ashis Kumar Pradhan, and Gourishankar S Hiremath, “Do External Commercial Borrowings and Financial Development Affect Exports?,” Cogent Business & Management, vol. 7, no. 1, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Ashis Kumar Pradhan, and Gourishankar S. Hiremath, “Effects of Foreign Currency Debt on Investment of the Firms in Emerging Economy,” International Journal of Finance & Economics, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 4993-5004, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Ranjeev, “India’s External Commercial Borrowings: Determinants and Optimal Hedge Ratio,” RBI Working Paper, 2022.
[Publisher Link]
[13] Partha Ray, Abhisek Sur, and Amarendu Nandy, “India’s External Commercial Borrowing: Trends, Composition, and Determinants,” Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Working Paper, 2017.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] RBI, Master Circular: External Commercial Borrowings. A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.10, 2000.
[15] RBI, Indian Direct Investment outside India A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 32 (April 28,2001), pp. 1-4, 2001.
[Publisher Link]
[16] RBI, External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) – Prepayment A. P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 22 (September 17, 2002), 2002.
[17] RBI, External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) by Units in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.29 (October 18, 2003), 2003
[18] RBI, “Master Circular: External Commercial Borrowings,” RBI/2004/34, Reserve Bank of India, no. 60, 2004.
[Publisher Link]
[19] RBI, “Master Circular- External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2005-06/23, 2005.
[20] RBI, “Master Circular- External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2006-07/25, 2006.
[21] RBI, “Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2007-08/23, 2007.
[Publisher Link]
[22] RBI, “Master Circular- External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2008-09/20, Reserve Bank of India, 2008.
[Publisher Link]
[23] RBI, “Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2009-10/ 27, Reserve Bank of India, 2009.
[Publisher Link]
[24] RBI, “Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2010-11/8, Reserve Bank of India, 2010.
[Publisher Link]
[25] RBI, “Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2011-12/ 9, Reserve Bank of India, 2011.
[Publisher Link]
[26] RBI, “Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2012-13/12, Reserve Bank of India, 2012.
[Publisher Link]
[27] RBI, “Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2013-14/12, Reserve Bank of India, 2013.
[Publisher Link]
[28] RBI, “Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits,” RBI/2014-15/3, Reserve Bank of India, 2014.
[Publisher Link]
[29] RBI, “External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) Policy – Revised Framework,” RBI/2015-16/255, Reserve Bank of India, no. 32, 2015.
[Publisher Link]
[30] RBI, “Master Direction - External Commercial Borrowings, Trade Credit, Borrowing and Lending in Foreign Currency by Authorised Dealers and Persons other than Authorised Dealers,” RBI/FED/2015-16/15, Reserve Bank of India, 2016.
[Publisher Link]
[31] RBI, “External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) Policy – Review of Minimum Average Maturity and Hedging Provisions,” RBI/2018- 19/71, Reserve Bank of India, no. 11, 2018.
[Publisher Link]
[32] RBI, “External Commercial Borrowings: New Policy Framework,” RBI/2018-19/109, Reserve Bank of India, no. 17, 2019.
[Publisher Link]
[33] RBI, “External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) and Trade Credits (TC) Policy-Changes due to LIBOR Transition,” RBI/2021- 22/135, Reserve Bank of India, no. 19, 2020.
[Publisher Link]
[34] MS Sahoo, “Report of the Committee to Review the Framework of Access to Domestic and Overseas Capital Markets (Phase II, Part I: Indian Depository Receipts),” Ministry of Finance Government of India, 2015.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[35] S. Sethuram, “External Commercial Borrowings: An Analysis of the Liberalisation Policy,” IRE Journals, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 51-53, 2018.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[36] Bhupal Singh, “Changing Contours of Capital Flows to India,” Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 44, no. 43, pp. 58-66, 2009.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[37] Surjya Narayan Tripathy, “Evaluating the Trends and Policies of External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) in India,” Orissa Economic Journal, vol. 51, no. 1&2, 2019.[Google Scholar]