Exploring Internal Control System as Deterrent to Occupational Fraud in Local Government

International Journal of Economics and Management Studies
© 2020 by SSRG - IJEMS Journal
Volume 7 Issue 2
Year of Publication : 2020
Authors : Dian Anita Nuswantara
pdf
How to Cite?

Dian Anita Nuswantara, "Exploring Internal Control System as Deterrent to Occupational Fraud in Local Government," SSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, vol. 7,  no. 2, pp. 99-110, 2020. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939125/IJEMS-V7I2P116

Abstract:

This paper pursues to investigate the efficacy of the system of internal control to fight against occupational fraud in local governments. To answer the proposed research question, this study employs a quantitative method style. The adoption of a quantitative methodology is to test the relationships between the constituents of an internal control system and fight against occupational fraud. The empirical results suggest that the constituents of inner control, consisting of the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities, significantly can contribute positively to fighting against occupational fraud in local governments. However, the discretion of the control system that empowers apparatus to blow concerns, in this study, is considered as a springboard for fraud deterrence. Furthermore, another important point to improve the effectiveness of the use of public resources or to reduce black public expenditures is the form of numerous initiatives, through the hierarchical and functional composition of the organization, energizing usefully upon erroneous public administration.

Keywords:

Occupational Fraud, Local Government, Internal Control System

References:

[1] Abiola, I., and Oyewole, A.,  Internal Control System on Fraud Detection: Nigeria Experience, Journal of Accounting and Finance, 13(5) (2013) 137-148.
[2] Afiah, N., and Azwary, P.,  The effect of the implementation of government internal control system (GICS) on the quality of financial reporting of the local government and its Impact on the principle of good governance, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211 (2015), 811-818.
[3] Albrecht, S., Albrecht, C., Albrecht, C., and Zimbelman, M. Fraud examination, 4 th edition, Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, (2014).
[4] Altheebeh, Z. and Sulaiman, M., Impact on Internal Control System According to Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) to Reduce Illegal Financial Transactions in Commercial Bank Listed in Amman Stock Exchange, International Review of Management and Business Research, 5 (1) (2016) 12-23.
[5] Andreeva, G., Jake, A., and Tina, H., Governance and Accountability of Public Risk. Financial Accountability & Management, 30 (3) (2014) 342-361.
[6] Annukka, J., Determinants and consequences of internal control in firms: a theory-based contingency analysis. Journal of Management & Governance, 14 (2) (2010) 115-144.
[7] Aramide, S., and Bashir, M., The effectiveness of internal control system and financial accountability at local government level in Nigeria, International Journal of Research in Business Management, 3 (8) (2015) 1-6.
[8] Armando, G., The influence of government internal control system (GICS) and local financial supervision on government financial reporting value, Accountancy Journal, 1 (1) (2013) 1-24.
[9] Ashforth, B. and Anand V., The normalization of corruption in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior 24 (2003) 1–52.
[10] Association of Certified Fraud Examiners ., Report to the Nations; 2018 global study on occupational fraud and abuse government edition., (2018).
[11] Aucoin, P., Administrative reform in public management: paradigms, principles, paradoxes, and pendulums. Governance, 3 (2) (1990) 115-137.
[12] Badara, M., and Saidin, Z., Impact of the effective internal control system on the internal audit effectiveness at local government level, Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4 (1) (2013) 16-23.
[13] Baltaci, M., and Yilmaz, S., Keeping an eye on subnational governments: internal control and audit at local levels, Working Paper, World Bank Institute Washington, D.C., (2006).
[14] Buckhoff, T. A., Employee fraud: Perpetrators and their motivations. CPA Journal, 71(11) (2001) 72-73.
[15] Bryman, A. and Bell, E., Business research methods, 4 th Edition, Great Clarendon: Oxford University Press., (2011).
[16] Cameron, S. and Price, D.,  Business research methods, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development., (2009).
[17] Carol, K., and Michael, K., The effects of experience and explicit fraud risk assessment in detecting fraud with analytical procedures, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26 (1) (2001)  25-37.
[18] Cendrowski, H., Martin, J., and Petro, L.,. Handbook of fraud deterrence, Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2007).
[19] Choo, F. and Tan K., An American Dream theory of corporate executive fraud. Accounting Forum, 31(2) (2007) 203-215.
[20] Coenen, T. Essentials of Corporate Fraud. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons., (2008).
[21] Cohen, L., and Felson, M.,  Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4) (1979) 588–608.
[22] Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission., Guidance on Monitoring Internal Control Systems., (2009).
[23] Cosserat, G. and Rodda, N., Modern Auditing, West Sussex: John Wiley., (2010).
[24] Cressey, D., Other peoples’ money: A study in the social psychology of embezzlement. Glencoe, Free Press., (1953).
[25] Dellaportas, S., Conversations with inmate accountants: Motivation, opportunity, and the fraud triangle. Accounting Forum, 37(1) (2013) 29-39.
[26] Dorrell, D. and Gadawski, G., Financial forensics body of knowledge, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2012).
[27] Friedrichs, D. O., Occupational Crime, Occupational Deviance, and Workplace Crime: Sorting Out the Difference, Criminal Justice, 2(3) (2002) 243-256.
[28] Gerard, Z., Fraud & Abuse in the non-profit organization, Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2005).
[29] Gunsteren, V, The quest for control: a critique of the rational-central-rule approach in public affairs. London: John Wiley., (1976).
[30] Henry, L., Fraud Prevention: an effective control environment can deter or minimize the occurrence of fraudulent activities. Internal Auditor, 73(2) (2016) 17- 19.
[31] Hindriani, N., Imam, H., and Tjahjanulin, D., Government internal control system on budgeting‘s plans and realization in the local context, Wacana, 15 (3) (2012) 1-9.
[32] Holtfreter, K., Is Occupational Fraud "Typical" White-Collar Crime?: A Comparison of Individual and Organizational Characteristics, Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, (4) (2005) 353-365.
[33] Hood, C., A public management for all seasons?. Public Administration, 69 (1) (1991) 3-19.
[34] Hopwood, W., Jay, L., and George, Y., Forensic accounting, London: McGraw-Hill., (2009).
[35] Indonesia government regulation., Government internal control system/No.60., (2008).
[36] Janvrin, D., Payne, E., Byrnes, P., Schneider, G., and Curtis, M., The Updated COSO Internal Control-Integrated Framework: Recommendations and Opportunities for Future Research, Journal of Information Systems, 26(2) (2012) 189-213.
[37] Kongrungchok, A., and Stanton, P., Limitations of thai local government internal auditing in detecting risks, Proceedings of the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance and Social Sciences (AP14Singapore Conference), (2014)  1-14.
[38] Lambsdorff, J.G., Corruption and Rent-Seeking, Public Choice, 113 (2002) 97-125
[39] Peltier-Rivest, D and Lanoue, N., Thieves from within occupational fraud in Canada. Journal of Financial Crime, 19 (2011) (1) 54-64.
[40] Peltier-Rivest, D., An analysis of the victims of occupational fraud: a Canadian perspective, Journal of Financial Crime, 16 (1) (2009) 60-6.
[41] Ramamoorti, S., The psychology and sociology of fraud: Integrating the behavioral sciences component into fraud and forensic accounting curricula. Issues in Accounting Education, 23 (4) (2008) 521–533.
[42] Rezaee, Z., Causes, consequence, and deterrence of financial statement fraud, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 16 (3) (2005) 277-298.
[43] Rezaee, Z. and Riley, R., Financial statement fraud: prevention and detection, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J, Wiley., (2010).
[44] Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A., Research methods for business students, 6th Edition, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited., (2012).
[45] Shelton, S., Ray, W., and David, L., Auditing Firms' Fraud Risk Assessment Practices. Accounting Horizons, 15(1) (2001) 19-33.
[46] Shover, N., and Bryant K., Theoretical explanations of corporate crime. In Understanding Corporate Criminality, edited by M. B. Blankenship. New York, Garland.
[47] Taylor, J.,  Forensic Accounting, England: Pearson Education Limited., (2011).
[48] The Royal Society ., Risk: Analysis, Perception, and Management (The Royal Society: London)., (1992).
[49] Turvey, B.,  Forensic Fraud: Evaluating Law Enforcement and Forensic Science Cultures in the Context of Examiner Misconduct, Langford Lane: Elsevier Inc.
[50] Yuhua, Q., Public risk management: development and financing, Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 19(1) (2007) 33-55.
[51] Yurniwati and Rizaldi, A., Control environment analysis at government internal control system: Indonesia case, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211 (2015) 844 – 850.
[52] Woods, M., A contingency theory perspective on the risk management control system within Birmingham City Council. Management Accounting Research, 20(1) (2009) 69–81.
[53] Ziegenfuss, D., The role of the control environment in reducing local government fraud, Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 13(3) (2001) 312-324.
[54] Zikmund, W, Babin, B., Carr, J., and Griffin, M., Business Research Methods, 9th Edition, South-Western, Cengage Learning., (2013).