Demographic Factors and Sustainability of Women Entrepreneurs in Dhaka City

International Journal of Economics and Management Studies

© 2021 by SSRG - IJEMS Journal

Volume 8 Issue 6

Year of Publication : 2021

Authors : Albina Amin

10.14445/23939125/IJEMS-V8I6P103

How to Cite?

Albina Amin, "Demographic Factors and Sustainability of Women Entrepreneurs in Dhaka City," SSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, vol. 8,  no. 6, pp. 15-25, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939125/IJEMS-V8I6P103

Abstract:

Over the past two decades, women entrepreneurs have been recognized for their significant contribution to the economic development of the world. Women entrepreneurship is the process where women run a small or medium business with different types of production, undertake risks and provide employment to others. Like other countries, it plays a key role in the economic growth of Bangladesh as well. The research has used the quantitative method. The quantitative study tried to identify the relationship between demographic variables and the sustainability of women entrepreneurs. This research collected data from a questionnaire survey from three hundred and sixty-nine women entrepreneurs of small enterprises in Dhaka city. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-Square Test, and Spearman’s Rank Test are applied to conduct statistical analysis of the collected data. The findings of the research are that there is a direct relationship between the sustainability of women entrepreneurs and the demographic variables. The spearman’s rank test is also used to measure the sustainability of women entrepreneurs with the two most important factors; there are profitability and longevity. The findings of this paper will benefit policymakers, academic researchers, professionals, and others to know about how demographic factors affecting the sustainability of women entrepreneurs.

Keywords:

Women Entrepreneurs, Demographic Factors, Small Enterprises, Sustainability, Dhaka, Bangladesh

References:

[1] Alam, S. The effect of gender-based returns to borrowing on intra-household resource allocation in rural Bangladesh. World Development, 40(6), (2012). pp 1164-1180.
[2] Alam M. S., Chaudhury A. N. Women entrepreneurs in Dhaka: Some barriers to success. first international conference on social sciences and humanities at University of Sains Malaysia, (2008) 18-20 June
[3] Amin, A. Social Constructionism and Women Entrepreneurship: A Global Research Perspective. Universal Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5(3), pp.38-46. 2017.
[4] Amin, A. a. Women Entrepreneurship, Challenges and Goals: A situation analysis on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Dhaka City. International Journal of Career Development, 2018; Vol. 1, July 2018; pages 8-21. ISSN-2616-6070 (Print); Publisher: Xurtials Career Development Center, Bangladesh.
[5] Amin, A. b. Women Entrepreneurship and SMEs of Online Clothing Business in Dhaka City. Universal Journal of Management, 6(10), 359-372. 2018.
[6] Amin, A. Youth Entrepreneurship and Online Business: A study on Start-up Reasons and Problems Analysis in Dhaka City. International Journal of Career Development, 2019; 2 (2019) 12-26. ISSN-2616-6070 (Print); Publisher: Xurtials Career Development Center, Bangladesh.
[7] Amin, A. Youth Entrepreneurship and Online Business: A Study on Economic Effects of Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) in Dhaka City, International Journal of Career Development, 2020; 3 (2020) 31-46. ISSN-2616-6070 (Print); Publisher: Xurtials Career Development Center, Bangladesh.
[8] Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, Statistic Division, Ministry of Planning, Bangladesh Government of People’s Republic, Dhaka (www. bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/stat_bangladesh. pdf).2014.
[9] Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Bangladesh Statistics-2017 (PDF). Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, Statistic Division, Ministry of Planning, Bangladesh Government of People’s Republic, Dhaka. 2017. PDF available on www.bbs.gov.bd.
[10] Bank, B. A Survey Report on an Enquiry into the Causes of High Increase in Loans to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and Its Economic Impact. Special Research Report, srw1601. 2016. A report by Research Department of Bangladesh Bank.
[11] Brush, CG, Carter, N, Gatewood, E, Greene, P & Hart, M. Growth-Oriented Women Entrepreneurs and their Businesses: A Global Research Perspective Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. 2006.
[12] Chowdhury, M.S. Overcoming entrepreneurship development constraints: the case of Bangladesh. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 1(3) (2007) 240-251.
[13] Chowdhury, M.S., Alam, Z. and Arif, M.I., Success factors of entrepreneurs of small and medium sized enterprises: Evidence from Bangladesh. Business and Economic Research, 3(2) (2013) 38.
[14] Church MA, Truitt T. Brazilian women entrepreneurs: Exploring sustainability as a strategy for developing resilient business organizations. Small Business Institute Journal. 13(1) (2017) 30-56.
[15] Chowdhury MM, Rahman KS. The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Bangladesh’s Economic Growth- A VEC Model and Granger Causality Test Analysis. SSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies. Volume 7 Issue 12, 25-34, December 2020
[16] Djik, B. Determinants of Successful Entrepreneurship, Doctoral Study, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Monthly Labour Review, 17(3) (1996) 20-69. [17] Dzisi, S. Women entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana (Doctoral dissertation, Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship). 2008.
[18] Epstein MJ, Roy MJ. Sustainability in action: Identifying and measuring the key performance drivers. Long range planning. 34(5) (2001)585-604.
[19] Fasci, M.A. & Valdez, J. A performance contrast of male-and female-owned small accounting practices. Journal of small business management, 36(3) (1998) 1.
[20] Fielden, S & Davidson, M. International Handbook of Women and Small Business Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Northampton,Massachusetts. 2005.
[21] Field, A. Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS, Fourth Edition. SAGE Publications Ltd, Washington DC. 2013. [22] Foster, D.D. Women entrepreneurs: Keys to successful business development and sustainability beyond five years. 2016.
[23] GEM. GEM 2007 global report. Available on https://www.gemconsortium.org/report
[24] GEM. GEM 2010 global report. Available on https://www.gemconsortium.org/report
[25] GEM. GEM 2016/17 global report. Available on https://www.gemconsortium.org/report
[26] Hamilton, N., Suk Kang, H., Meneveau, C. and Bayoán Cal, R. Statistical analysis of kinetic energy entrainment in a model wind turbine array boundary layer. Journal of renewable and sustainable energy, 4(6) (2012) 063105.
[27] Herrington M, Kew P.2015. GEM 2016/17 global report.
[28] Hoque, Mahmuda, and Yoshihito Itohara. Women empowerment through participation in micro-credit programme: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Social Sciences 5.3 (2009): 244-250.
[29] Maude, A. A sustainable view of sustainability? Geography, 99, 47-50. Retrieved from http://www.geography.org.uk/journals/Journals.asp?articleID=1158. 2014.
[30] Murray, H. Explorations in Personality, Oxford University, New York. 1938.
[31] Nations, U. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. 2014. New York: United Nations Google Scholar. 2014.
[32] Orobia LA, Tusiime I, Mwesigwa R, Ssekiziyivu B. Entrepreneurial framework conditions and business sustainability among the youth and women entrepreneurs. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 2020 Feb 3.
[33] Parveen, S. Gender awareness of rural women in Bangladesh. Journal of International Women's Studies, 9(1), (2007) pp.253-269.
[34] Parvin, L., Rahman, M.W. and Jia, J. Determinates of women micro-entrepreneurship development: an empirical investigation in rural Bangladesh. International journal of Economics and Finance, 4(5), (2012). 254.
[35] Pages, Erik R. The changing demography of entrepreneurship. Local Economy (20.1) (2005) 93-97.
[36] Population & Housing Census-2011. (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) [Accessed 8 Dec. 2015].
[37] Saxon, R. ‘Female Entrepreneurship in Australia’ Doctoral Thesis, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne. 2003.
[38] Schumpeter, J. The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard University Press, CCambridge, MA; 1934.
[39] Rao, A.S. and Rao, A.S. World is classroom: the case of Univexcellence.com. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 3(2), (2013) 1-9.
[40] Razavi, S. World development report 2012: Gender equality and development—A commentary. Development and Change, 43(1) (2012) 423-437.
[41] Reynolds, P.D., Hay, M., Bygrave, W.D., Camp, S.M., & Autio, E. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2000 Executive Report: Babson College, Kaufman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership, and London Business School. 2000.
[42] Roy I. The Socio-Economic Contribution of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Global Journal of Management and Business Research. 2016 Sep 3.
[43] Wennekers, S & Thurik, R. Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, Small Business Economics, 13 (1999) 27-55.
[44] World Bank Group. The Little Data. World Bank Publications; 2016 Apr 7.
[45] Zapalska, A. A Profile of Woman Entrepreneurs and Enterprises in Poland, Journal of Small Business Management, 35(4) (1997) 76-82.
[46] Zapalska AM, Brozik D. Female entrepreneurial businesses in tourism and hospitality industry in Poland. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 12(2) (2014) 7-13.
Websites:-
[1] Bangladesh Government; www.bd.gov.com
[2] GEM. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.
https://www.gemconsortium.org/report [3] MoInd. Ministry of Industries https://moind.gov.bd/
[4] United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/
[5] U.S. Small Business Administration [SBA]. Published by United States Government Agency. SBA report of 2014. Available at https://www.sba.gov/about-sba