Identification of Lithology and Structures in Serdo, Afar, Ethiopia Using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques

International Journal of Geoinformatics and Geological Science

© 2021 by SSRG - IJGGS Journal

Volume 8 Issue 1

Year of Publication : 2021

Authors : Addis Seid, T. Suryanarayana

10.14445/23939206/IJGGS-V8I1P104

How to Cite?

Addis Seid, T. Suryanarayana, "Identification of Lithology and Structures in Serdo, Afar, Ethiopia Using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques," SSRG International Journal of Geoinformatics and Geological Science, vol. 8,  no. 1, pp. 27-41, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939206/IJGGS-V8I1P104

Abstract:

New generations of advanced remote sensing data have been used by Earth scientists over the last decades. This study presents the applicability of recently launched Landsat 8 and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission digital elevation model data for lithology and structure mapping. Processing of multispectral medium resolution of landsat8 and digital elevation model data were used for detection and mapping lithology and structure in the Serdo area. These data have been processed and interpreted with the production of lithologic and structural maps at a scale of 1:100,000. The results revealed that lithologic features and their textural characteristics are easily identified by coastal/aerosol, visible, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared (1-7) bands with resolution merge of band 8 (pan) bands. Spatial enhancement of landsat8 data using convolution filters (the spatial domain of the image) and digital elevation model (DEM) extracted from the SRTM have been used for structures extraction. Hill-shading techniques are applied to SRTM DEMs to enhance terrain perspective views and to extract morphologically defined structures. Faults and a different set of fracture systems are major structural elements recognized. Six main lithologic types and 1859 structures are identified, and totally12321 km2 area was mapped in this work.

Keywords:

Landsat8, lithology, DEM, NIR, Structures, Spatial Enhancement.

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