Spacetech Startups in India– Challenges for Private Actors

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science
© 2021 by SSRG - IJHSS Journal
Volume 8 Issue 4
Year of Publication : 2021
Authors : Vishwas Puttaswamy
pdf
How to Cite?

Vishwas Puttaswamy, "Spacetech Startups in India– Challenges for Private Actors," SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 8,  no. 4, pp. 42-44, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V8I4P107

Abstract:

An explosion of space startups around the globe is supercharging tech innovation, opening new markets around the world, and expanding the space power countries’ influence. Despite the space program slowing down by the pandemic in 2020, the pioneering development by private players in space reach and activity to effectively utilize outer space resources has been in constant move. With the dynamic development of space activities and involvement of private space actors at the international level, many developments, ranging from cultural repositories to medical or stock photograph archives, have also appeared. The rivalry between the Space powers, whose space program has surged over the last two decades, is what most people mean when they refer to the 21st-century's space race.

Keywords:

Technology entrepreneurship, Spacetch Startups, ISRO, Liability, Outer Space Law, Legal Challenges, Indian Space Programme.

References:

[1] Anon., Nasa.gov. Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/NASA_Partnership_Report_LR_20140429.pdf (Accessed: 10 July 2021).
[2] How an international treaty signed 50 years ago became the backbone for space law (2017). Available at:
https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/27/14398492/outer-space-treaty-50-anniversary-exploration-guidelines (Accessed: 10 July 2021).
[3] Meyer, Z., Private commercialization of space in an international regime: A proposal for a space district. Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus., 30, p.241. Scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705&context=njilb (Accessed: 10 July 2021).
[4] Sehgal, D., Business structure and compliances needed for a space tech startup - iPleaders, iPleaders. Available at: https://blog.ipleaders.in/business-structure-compliances-needed-spacetech-startup/ (Accessed: 10 July 2021).
[5] The Outer Space Treaty., Available at: https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introouterspacetreaty.html (Accessed: 10 July 2021)., (1967).
[6] Krishna,H. S., High-tech Internet Start-ups in India, Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781108485388., (2019).
[7] The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, of (1967).
[8] A/RES/37/92, December 10, 1982
[9] India launches a record-breaking 104 satellites from a single rocket, The Guardian (February 15, 2020). https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/feb/15/india-launches- record-breaking-104-satellites-from-single-rocket.
[10] ISRO Crosses 50 International Customer Satellite Launch Mark Indian Space Research Organization, (March 14, 2021, 12:00) http://www.isro.gov.in/isro-crosses-50-international- customer-satellite-launch-mark.
[11] Monish Gulati., Antrix: Providing Space Products and Services to International Clients – Analysis Eurasian Review-Journal (February 28, 2020) http://www.eurasiareview.com/28022020-antrix-providing-space-products-and-services-to- international-clients-analysis/
[12] Indian space research organization Sky brokers (March 8, 2020, 1:00) http://www.sky- brokers.com/home/services/satellite-manufacturers/indian-space-research-organization-isro-
[13] India just launched 104 satellites but is still a long way from becoming a global space player’ Scroll. in (March 5, 2020, 3:35) https://scroll.in/article/829666/india-just-launched- 104-satellites-but-it-has-a-long-way-to-go-to-become-a-global-space-player
[14] Dr. Ranjana Kual, ‘Does India Need Space Laws’ Dua Associates, 2005.
[15] Article VI, Outer Space Treaty, 1967.
[16] Article VII, Outer Space Treaty, 1967.
[17] ‘Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introrescueagreement.html (Last visited March 1, 2021).
[18] Convention on the international liability for damage caused by space objects’ opened for signature at London, Moscow, and Washington on 29 March 1972, Source: 961 UNTS 187 (hereinafter referred to as 1972 Liability Convention). 74 countries have ratified, and 27 countries have signed the convention. [‘Liability’]
[19] Convention on registration of objects launched into outer space. Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, at New York, on 12 November 1974, Source: 1023 UNTS 15 (hereinafter referred to as 1972 Registration Convention). 37 countries have ratified, and 4 have signed the Convention. [‘Registration’]
[20] Article 3(2), Outer Space Treaty, 1967.
[21] Kaushik Dhar, ‘Need of Space Law in India’ NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad, 2011.
[22] Nikhil Singal., Satellite Communication Policy in India: Time to revisit and revise Lakshimikumaran & Sridharan Attorneys. http://www.lakshmisri.com/News-and-Publications/Publications/Articles/Corporate/satellite-communications-policy-in-India-time-to-revisit-revise (last visited March 5, 2021).