Assessment of Availability of Water at Various Domestic Water Sources in Aizawl City, Mizoram (India)

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science

© 2023 by SSRG - IJHSS Journal

Volume 10 Issue 1

Year of Publication : 2023

Authors : C. Ramhnehzauva

10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V10I1P101

How to Cite?

C. Ramhnehzauva, "Assessment of Availability of Water at Various Domestic Water Sources in Aizawl City, Mizoram (India)," SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 10,  no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2023. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V10I1P101

Abstract:

The prime water source is terrestrial precipitation, mainly in the form of rain. Its availability in the form of surface run-off and groundwater also depends upon the area's rainfall pattern, geological structure, and landforms. Like most hill towns, Aizawl faces acute water supply problems during the dry winter and early summer. The water-related needs of the people in the study area were met for generations by these natural water sources. However, water discharge in these sources has been depleting over the years; many have dried up while many more have become seasonal due to increasing population, neglect of the recharge areas and changes in land use. To solve the drinking water problem in the study area, the State government has been implementing several schemes, and millions of rupees have been pumped in, but the situation is far from satisfactory. The built environment of a city is a superimposition of its natural environment, particularly affecting water sources. As the city extends itself, the direct recharge from rainfall is less and lesser recharge leading to the depletion of available fresh groundwater potential at a fast rate on the one hand and the increasing infiltration on the other hand from diffuse pollution sources contaminate the groundwater. Therefore, in this paper attempt has been made to study the availability of water in different domestic water sources of Aizawl City.

Keywords:

Availability, Piped water supply, Tuikhur, Handpump, Rainwater.

References:

[1] Richard J. Chorley, Water Earth and Man: A Synthesis of Hydrology, Geomorphology and Socio-Economic Geography, Mathuen and Company Ltd., London, p. 612, 1969. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003170181
[2] Richard J. Chorley, Introduction to Geographical Hydrology, Mathuen and Company Ltd., London, 1971.
[3] R.J. Chorley, and R.W. Kates, Introduction, In Water, Earth and Man: A Synthesis of Hydrology, Geomorphology and Socio-Economic Geography, Mathuen and Company Ltd., London. pp. 1-7, 1969.
[4] William P. Cunningham, and Barbara Woodworth Saigo, Environmental Science – A Global Concern, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, London. p. 612, 1995.
[5] Engleman, R., and LeRoy, P., Sustaining Water: Population and the Future of Renewable Water Supplies, Population and Environment Programme, Population Action International, pp. 55-56, 1993.
[6] FAO-Food and Agriculture Organisation, Review of World Water Resources by Country, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, 2003.
[7] Peter H. Gleick, The World’s Water, 2000-2001: The Biennial Report on Fresh Water Resources, Island Press, pp. 817-823, 2000.
[8] J. Gould, and E. Nissen-Petersen, Rainwater Catchment Systems for Domestic Supply: Design, Construction and Implementation, IT Publishing, UK, London, 1999.
[9] Lee, M.D., and Visscher, J.T., Water Harvesting: A Guide for Planners and Project Managers, Technical Paper Series No. 30, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Netherlands, The Hague, 1992.
[10] NCIWRDP- National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development Plan, Integrated Water Resources Development – A Plan for Action, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, New Delhi, 1999.
[11] Pacey, A., and Cullis, A., Rainwater Harvesting: The Collection of Rainfall and Runoff in Rural Areas, ITDG Publishing, UK, London, 1986.
[12] David Pimentel, Our Fragile World: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development, World Natural Resource Policy and Management, pp. 169-182, 2001.
[13] Wandra Arrington, “Water Recycling: Benefits and Risks,” SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 21-25, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V9I4P104
[14] P.H. Raven, L.R. Berg, and G.B. Johnson, Environment, Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1995.
[15] Sankarnarayan, K., “Urban Water Supply – Challenges Ahead,” Proceeding XII World Water Congress of the International Water Resources Association, 2005.
[16] Shiklomanov, I.A., Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World: Assessment of Water Resources and Water Availability in the World, World Meteorological Organisation and Stockholm Environment Institute. Stockholm, Sweden, 1997.
[17] Shiklomanov, I.A., World Water Resources and Water Use: Present Assessment and Outlook for 2005, World Water Scenarios: Analysis, World Water Vision, 2000.
[18] M.Arumaiselvi, and R.R.Tharini, “Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Purpose in Cuddalore District,” SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 13-16, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V6I4P104
[19] UNDP-United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2006, Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis, United Nations Development Programme, New York, 2006.
[20] Ward, R.C., and Robinson, M., Principles of Hydrology, 3 rd Edition, Maidenhead, McGraw Hill, New York, 1990.
[21] WRI-World Resources Institute, World Resources 1994-95: People and the Environment, Report Prepared by World Resource Institute in Collaboration with United Nations Environment Programme and United Nations Development Programme, Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1995.
[22] WRI-World Resources Institute, World Resources 2000-2001: People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of life, Washington DC, 2000.
[23] Qiang Zhu, and Li Yuanhong, “Rainwater Harvesting for Sustainable Development of Water Resources in China,” Proceeding of International Water Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, 1998.