Investigations of Lithium-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Hybridization on Relative Effectiveness and Energy Performance of E-Bicycle with Regenerative Braking

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

© 2025 by SSRG - IJME Journal

Volume 12 Issue 2

Year of Publication : 2025

Authors : Ravikant Nanwatkar, Deepak Watvisave, Aparna Bagde, Pravin Nitnaware

10.14445/23488360/IJME-V12I2P103

How to Cite?

Ravikant Nanwatkar, Deepak Watvisave, Aparna Bagde, Pravin Nitnaware, "Investigations of Lithium-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Hybridization on Relative Effectiveness and Energy Performance of E-Bicycle with Regenerative Braking," SSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 2, pp. 23-38, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488360/IJME-V12I2P103

Abstract:

This study investigates the integration of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors along with regenerative braking mechanisms for electric bicycles using microcontroller based switching smart switching mechanisms. The research focused on balancing the energy and power demands during driving a bicycle on uneven or elevated road surfaces in order to reduce the stress induced by lithium-ion batteries as a single energy storage system. The study includes modeling, simulation, and experimental analysis. It investigates the efficiency of hybrid systems to maximize vehicle dynamics and electrical performance, focusing on regenerative braking conditions. The theoretical analysis focused on the electrical behavior of individual lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Simulation extends by analyzing the dynamic behavior of an e-bicycle integrating a hybrid system during real-world applications. The simulation investigates the effect of energy regeneration through applied brakes on the vehicle's dynamics, considering the ride performance, with active braking four-quarter BLDC motor mechanism. Experimental studies include a prototype e-bike using a proposed HESS system by simulating real-world conditions and monitoring e-bike performance using theoretical and mathematical predictions of the system's strength. Experimental data provide important insights into hybrid systems' efficiency and effectiveness, especially in regenerative braking. In addition, the study investigates the interaction between lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitor optimization to improve energy density, power density, and overall system efficiency in the case of e-bikes with regenerative braking.

Keywords:

Lithium-ion battery, EDLC supercapacitor, Microcontroller, Regenerative breaking, e-bicycle, Simulation.

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