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Volume 13 | Issue 5 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJME-V13I5P102 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23488360/IJME-V13I5P102

Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Materials, Methods of Enhancements, Applications with Future Prospects and Challenges

Kunja Bihari Katiar, Mahendra Kumar Rath, Ramesh Chandra Mohanty, Dillip Kumar Mohanta

Received Revised Accepted Published
03 Feb 2026 10 Mar 2026 12 Apr 2026 29 May 2026

Citation :

Kunja Bihari Katiar, Mahendra Kumar Rath, Ramesh Chandra Mohanty, Dillip Kumar Mohanta, "Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Materials, Methods of Enhancements, Applications with Future Prospects and Challenges," International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 9-33, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488360/IJME-V13I5P102

Abstract

The growing need to use clean energy worldwide has increased the level of attention to effective energy storage systems capable of resolving the fluctuations of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have become a promising technology among thermal energy storage technologies since they can take up and give up large quantities of latent heat during phase changes at nearly constant temperatures. The review focuses on the key PCM types that are organic, inorganic, eutectic, and polymer-based materials and evaluates the appropriateness of these materials in renewable energy applications. Special focus is made on some of the crucial thermophysical characteristics, such as melting temperature, latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity, cycling stability, and environmental compatibility, since they have a significant impact on the efficiency of thermal storage. The review also points out the latest advances in PCM improvement methods, including nano-enhanced materials, composite PCMs, and novel encapsulation mechanisms, which enhance heat transfer, reliability, and the performance of the system, in general. Moreover, the application of PCMs to renewable energy technologies, such as solar thermal collectors, photovoltaic-thermal systems, building energy management, electronics cooling, and thermal storage units, is mentioned. Despite the fact that supercooling, phase separation, leakage, and cost remain the major obstacles in the way of adopting it, PCMs still hold significant promise in enhancing thermal management, renewable energy use, and enabling the shift to more sustainable energy systems.

Keywords

Phase Change Material, Renewable Energy System, Thermal Energy Storage, Latent Heat, Nanoencapsulation, Energy Efficiency.

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