Pancytopenia – A Clinicohematological Evaluation

International Journal of Medical Science

© 2018 by SSRG - IJMS Journal

Volume 5 Issue 5

Year of Publication : 2018

Authors : Arun P Bakshi, Pradnya S Bhadarge and Asha Zutshi

10.14445/23939117/IJMS-V5I5P102

How to Cite?

Arun P Bakshi, Pradnya S Bhadarge and Asha Zutshi, "Pancytopenia – A Clinicohematological Evaluation," SSRG International Journal of Medical Science, vol. 5,  no. 5, pp. 4-9, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939117/IJMS-V5I5P102

Abstract:

 Pancytopenia is a disorder composed of a triad of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia due to reduced hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. There are various causes leading to pancytopenia like infections, chemotherapy, drugs, nutritional deficiency, malignancy etc. Therefore, identifying the exact cause will help in implementing appropriate therapy. Aim and objectives: 1) To find out various causes of pancytopenia. 2) To determine age wise and sex-wise distribution of various causes of pancytopenia. 3) To study clinical manifestations and hematological parameters in pancytopenic patients. Material & methods: 100 pancytopenic patients were evaluated for their clinical presentation along with hematological parameters and bone marrow examination in the department of pathology at our institute. Results: Pancytopenia is seen in all age groups with preponderance in second, third and fifth decade with M:F ration being 1.63:1. Anemias are the commonest cause of pancytopenia with megaloblastic anemia (46%) topping the list followed by dimorphic anemia and hypoplastic anemia. Malaria (11%) is second most common cause for pancytopenia. Generalized weaknesses, fever, easy fatigability, pallor, hepatosplenomegaly are the common clinical presentation in pancytopenic patients. Routine hematological investigations were done in all cases. Bone marrow aspiration was done in 70 patients and bone marrow biopsy in 16 patients. Lowest hemoglobin level was of 1.2 g/dl was seen in megaloblastic anemia, lowest total leucocyte count of 500/mm3 was noted in hypersplenism and lowest platelet count of 1000 / mm3 was observed in hypoplastic anemia. RBC morphology was dimorphic anemia (36%) followed normocytic normochromic anemia (27%). Conclusion: Megaloblastic anemia reflects higher prevalence of pancytopenia followed by malaria and aplastic anemia. These varied causes of pancytopenias presents with varied clinical picture and hematological parameters.

Keywords:

  cause, hematological parameters, megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia.

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