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# Copyright (C) 2003-2007, 2009, 2011 Nominum, Inc. # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its # documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, # provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice # appear in all copies. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND NOMINUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES # WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL NOMINUM BE LIABLE FOR # ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES # WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN # ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT # OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. """Common DNSSEC-related functions and constants.""" import cStringIO import struct import time import dns.exception import dns.hash import dns.name import dns.node import dns.rdataset import dns.rdata import dns.rdatatype import dns.rdataclass class UnsupportedAlgorithm(dns.exception.DNSException): """Raised if an algorithm is not supported.""" pass class ValidationFailure(dns.exception.DNSException): """The DNSSEC signature is invalid.""" pass RSAMD5 = 1 DH = 2 DSA = 3 ECC = 4 RSASHA1 = 5 DSANSEC3SHA1 = 6 RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1 = 7 RSASHA256 = 8 RSASHA512 = 10 ECDSAP256SHA256 = 13 ECDSAP384SHA384 = 14 INDIRECT = 252 PRIVATEDNS = 253 PRIVATEOID = 254 _algorithm_by_text = { 'RSAMD5' : RSAMD5, 'DH' : DH, 'DSA' : DSA, 'ECC' : ECC, 'RSASHA1' : RSASHA1, 'DSANSEC3SHA1' : DSANSEC3SHA1, 'RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1' : RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1, 'RSASHA256' : RSASHA256, 'RSASHA512' : RSASHA512, 'INDIRECT' : INDIRECT, 'ECDSAP256SHA256' : ECDSAP256SHA256, 'ECDSAP384SHA384' : ECDSAP384SHA384, 'PRIVATEDNS' : PRIVATEDNS, 'PRIVATEOID' : PRIVATEOID, } # We construct the inverse mapping programmatically to ensure that we # cannot make any mistakes (e.g. omissions, cut-and-paste errors) that # would cause the mapping not to be true inverse. _algorithm_by_value = dict([(y, x) for x, y in _algorithm_by_text.iteritems()]) def algorithm_from_text(text): """Convert text into a DNSSEC algorithm value @rtype: int""" value = _algorithm_by_text.get(text.upper()) if value is None: value = int(text) return value def algorithm_to_text(value): """Convert a DNSSEC algorithm value to text @rtype: string""" text = _algorithm_by_value.get(value) if text is None: text = str(value) return text def _to_rdata(record, origin): s = cStringIO.StringIO() record.to_wire(s, origin=origin) return s.getvalue() def key_id(key, origin=None): rdata = _to_rdata(key, origin) if key.algorithm == RSAMD5: return (ord(rdata[-3]) << 8) + ord(rdata[-2]) else: total = 0 for i in range(len(rdata) // 2): total += (ord(rdata[2 * i]) << 8) + ord(rdata[2 * i + 1]) if len(rdata) % 2 != 0: total += ord(rdata[len(rdata) - 1]) << 8 total += ((total >> 16) & 0xffff); return total & 0xffff def make_ds(name, key, algorithm, origin=None): if algorithm.upper() == 'SHA1': dsalg = 1 hash = dns.hash.get('SHA1')() elif algorithm.upper() == 'SHA256': dsalg = 2 hash = dns.hash.get('SHA256')() else: raise UnsupportedAlgorithm, 'unsupported algorithm "%s"' % algorithm if isinstance(name, (str, unicode)): name = dns.name.from_text(name, origin) hash.update(name.canonicalize().to_wire()) hash.update(_to_rdata(key, origin)) digest = hash.digest() dsrdata = struct.pack("!HBB", key_id(key), key.algorithm, dsalg) + digest return dns.rdata.from_wire(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.DS, dsrdata, 0, len(dsrdata)) def _find_candidate_keys(keys, rrsig): candidate_keys=[] value = keys.get(rrsig.signer) if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, dns.node.Node): try: rdataset = value.find_rdataset(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.DNSKEY) except KeyError: return None else: rdataset = value for rdata in rdataset: if rdata.algorithm == rrsig.algorithm and \ key_id(rdata) == rrsig.key_tag: candidate_keys.append(rdata) return candidate_keys def _is_rsa(algorithm): return algorithm in (RSAMD5, RSASHA1, RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1, RSASHA256, RSASHA512) def _is_dsa(algorithm): return algorithm in (DSA, DSANSEC3SHA1) def _is_ecdsa(algorithm): return _have_ecdsa and (algorithm in (ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384)) def _is_md5(algorithm): return algorithm == RSAMD5 def _is_sha1(algorithm): return algorithm in (DSA, RSASHA1, DSANSEC3SHA1, RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1) def _is_sha256(algorithm): return algorithm in (RSASHA256, ECDSAP256SHA256) def _is_sha384(algorithm): return algorithm == ECDSAP384SHA384 def _is_sha512(algorithm): return algorithm == RSASHA512 def _make_hash(algorithm): if _is_md5(algorithm): return dns.hash.get('MD5')() if _is_sha1(algorithm): return dns.hash.get('SHA1')() if _is_sha256(algorithm): return dns.hash.get('SHA256')() if _is_sha384(algorithm): return dns.hash.get('SHA384')() if _is_sha512(algorithm): return dns.hash.get('SHA512')() raise ValidationFailure, 'unknown hash for algorithm %u' % algorithm def _make_algorithm_id(algorithm): if _is_md5(algorithm): oid = [0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x05] elif _is_sha1(algorithm): oid = [0x2b, 0x0e, 0x03, 0x02, 0x1a] elif _is_sha256(algorithm): oid = [0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01] elif _is_sha512(algorithm): oid = [0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03] else: raise ValidationFailure, 'unknown algorithm %u' % algorithm olen = len(oid) dlen = _make_hash(algorithm).digest_size idbytes = [0x30] + [8 + olen + dlen] + \ [0x30, olen + 4] + [0x06, olen] + oid + \ [0x05, 0x00] + [0x04, dlen] return ''.join(map(chr, idbytes)) def _validate_rrsig(rrset, rrsig, keys, origin=None, now=None): """Validate an RRset against a single signature rdata The owner name of the rrsig is assumed to be the same as the owner name of the rrset. @param rrset: The RRset to validate @type rrset: dns.rrset.RRset or (dns.name.Name, dns.rdataset.Rdataset) tuple @param rrsig: The signature rdata @type rrsig: dns.rrset.Rdata @param keys: The key dictionary. @type keys: a dictionary keyed by dns.name.Name with node or rdataset values @param origin: The origin to use for relative names @type origin: dns.name.Name or None @param now: The time to use when validating the signatures. The default is the current time. @type now: int """ if isinstance(origin, (str, unicode)): origin = dns.name.from_text(origin, dns.name.root) for candidate_key in _find_candidate_keys(keys, rrsig): if not candidate_key: raise ValidationFailure, 'unknown key' # For convenience, allow the rrset to be specified as a (name, rdataset) # tuple as well as a proper rrset if isinstance(rrset, tuple): rrname = rrset[0] rdataset = rrset[1] else: rrname = rrset.name rdataset = rrset if now is None: now = time.time() if rrsig.expiration < now: raise ValidationFailure, 'expired' if rrsig.inception > now: raise ValidationFailure, 'not yet valid' hash = _make_hash(rrsig.algorithm) if _is_rsa(rrsig.algorithm): keyptr = candidate_key.key (bytes,) = struct.unpack('!B', keyptr[0:1]) keyptr = keyptr[1:] if bytes == 0: (bytes,) = struct.unpack('!H', keyptr[0:2]) keyptr = keyptr[2:] rsa_e = keyptr[0:bytes] rsa_n = keyptr[bytes:] keylen = len(rsa_n) * 8 pubkey = Crypto.PublicKey.RSA.construct( (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(rsa_n), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(rsa_e))) sig = (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(rrsig.signature),) elif _is_dsa(rrsig.algorithm): keyptr = candidate_key.key (t,) = struct.unpack('!B', keyptr[0:1]) keyptr = keyptr[1:] octets = 64 + t * 8 dsa_q = keyptr[0:20] keyptr = keyptr[20:] dsa_p = keyptr[0:octets] keyptr = keyptr[octets:] dsa_g = keyptr[0:octets] keyptr = keyptr[octets:] dsa_y = keyptr[0:octets] pubkey = Crypto.PublicKey.DSA.construct( (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_y), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_g), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_p), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_q))) (dsa_r, dsa_s) = struct.unpack('!20s20s', rrsig.signature[1:]) sig = (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_r), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_s)) elif _is_ecdsa(rrsig.algorithm): if rrsig.algorithm == ECDSAP256SHA256: curve = ecdsa.curves.NIST256p key_len = 32 digest_len = 32 elif rrsig.algorithm == ECDSAP384SHA384: curve = ecdsa.curves.NIST384p key_len = 48 digest_len = 48 else: # shouldn't happen raise ValidationFailure, 'unknown ECDSA curve' keyptr = candidate_key.key x = Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(keyptr[0:key_len]) y = Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(keyptr[key_len:key_len * 2]) assert ecdsa.ecdsa.point_is_valid(curve.generator, x, y) point = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.Point(curve.curve, x, y, curve.order) verifying_key = ecdsa.keys.VerifyingKey.from_public_point(point, curve) pubkey = ECKeyWrapper(verifying_key, key_len) r = rrsig.signature[:key_len] s = rrsig.signature[key_len:] sig = ecdsa.ecdsa.Signature(Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(r), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(s)) else: raise ValidationFailure, 'unknown algorithm %u' % rrsig.algorithm hash.update(_to_rdata(rrsig, origin)[:18]) hash.update(rrsig.signer.to_digestable(origin)) if rrsig.labels < len(rrname) - 1: suffix = rrname.split(rrsig.labels + 1)[1] rrname = dns.name.from_text('*', suffix) rrnamebuf = rrname.to_digestable(origin) rrfixed = struct.pack('!HHI', rdataset.rdtype, rdataset.rdclass, rrsig.original_ttl) rrlist = sorted(rdataset); for rr in rrlist: hash.update(rrnamebuf) hash.update(rrfixed) rrdata = rr.to_digestable(origin) rrlen = struct.pack('!H', len(rrdata)) hash.update(rrlen) hash.update(rrdata) digest = hash.digest() if _is_rsa(rrsig.algorithm): # PKCS1 algorithm identifier goop digest = _make_algorithm_id(rrsig.algorithm) + digest padlen = keylen // 8 - len(digest) - 3 digest = chr(0) + chr(1) + chr(0xFF) * padlen + chr(0) + digest elif _is_dsa(rrsig.algorithm) or _is_ecdsa(rrsig.algorithm): pass else: # Raise here for code clarity; this won't actually ever happen # since if the algorithm is really unknown we'd already have # raised an exception above raise ValidationFailure, 'unknown algorithm %u' % rrsig.algorithm if pubkey.verify(digest, sig): return raise ValidationFailure, 'verify failure' def _validate(rrset, rrsigset, keys, origin=None, now=None): """Validate an RRset @param rrset: The RRset to validate @type rrset: dns.rrset.RRset or (dns.name.Name, dns.rdataset.Rdataset) tuple @param rrsigset: The signature RRset @type rrsigset: dns.rrset.RRset or (dns.name.Name, dns.rdataset.Rdataset) tuple @param keys: The key dictionary. @type keys: a dictionary keyed by dns.name.Name with node or rdataset values @param origin: The origin to use for relative names @type origin: dns.name.Name or None @param now: The time to use when validating the signatures. The default is the current time. @type now: int """ if isinstance(origin, (str, unicode)): origin = dns.name.from_text(origin, dns.name.root) if isinstance(rrset, tuple): rrname = rrset[0] else: rrname = rrset.name if isinstance(rrsigset, tuple): rrsigname = rrsigset[0] rrsigrdataset = rrsigset[1] else: rrsigname = rrsigset.name rrsigrdataset = rrsigset rrname = rrname.choose_relativity(origin) rrsigname = rrname.choose_relativity(origin) if rrname != rrsigname: raise ValidationFailure, "owner names do not match" for rrsig in rrsigrdataset: try: _validate_rrsig(rrset, rrsig, keys, origin, now) return except ValidationFailure, e: pass raise ValidationFailure, "no RRSIGs validated" def _need_pycrypto(*args, **kwargs): raise NotImplementedError, "DNSSEC validation requires pycrypto" try: import Crypto.PublicKey.RSA import Crypto.PublicKey.DSA import Crypto.Util.number validate = _validate validate_rrsig = _validate_rrsig _have_pycrypto = True except ImportError: validate = _need_pycrypto validate_rrsig = _need_pycrypto _have_pycrypto = False try: import ecdsa import ecdsa.ecdsa import ecdsa.ellipticcurve import ecdsa.keys _have_ecdsa = True class ECKeyWrapper(object): def __init__(self, key, key_len): self.key = key self.key_len = key_len def verify(self, digest, sig): diglong = Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(digest) return self.key.pubkey.verifies(diglong, sig) except ImportError: _have_ecdsa = False