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# Copyright (C) 2001-2007, 2009-2011 Nominum, Inc. # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its # documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, # provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice # appear in all copies. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND NOMINUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES # WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL NOMINUM BE LIABLE FOR # ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES # WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN # ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT # OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. """DNS Names. @var root: The DNS root name. @type root: dns.name.Name object @var empty: The empty DNS name. @type empty: dns.name.Name object """ import cStringIO import struct import sys import copy if sys.hexversion >= 0x02030000: import encodings.idna import dns.exception import dns.wiredata NAMERELN_NONE = 0 NAMERELN_SUPERDOMAIN = 1 NAMERELN_SUBDOMAIN = 2 NAMERELN_EQUAL = 3 NAMERELN_COMMONANCESTOR = 4 class EmptyLabel(dns.exception.SyntaxError): """Raised if a label is empty.""" pass class BadEscape(dns.exception.SyntaxError): """Raised if an escaped code in a text format name is invalid.""" pass class BadPointer(dns.exception.FormError): """Raised if a compression pointer points forward instead of backward.""" pass class BadLabelType(dns.exception.FormError): """Raised if the label type of a wire format name is unknown.""" pass class NeedAbsoluteNameOrOrigin(dns.exception.DNSException): """Raised if an attempt is made to convert a non-absolute name to wire when there is also a non-absolute (or missing) origin.""" pass class NameTooLong(dns.exception.FormError): """Raised if a name is > 255 octets long.""" pass class LabelTooLong(dns.exception.SyntaxError): """Raised if a label is > 63 octets long.""" pass class AbsoluteConcatenation(dns.exception.DNSException): """Raised if an attempt is made to append anything other than the empty name to an absolute name.""" pass class NoParent(dns.exception.DNSException): """Raised if an attempt is made to get the parent of the root name or the empty name.""" pass _escaped = { '"' : True, '(' : True, ')' : True, '.' : True, ';' : True, '\\' : True, '@' : True, '$' : True } def _escapify(label, unicode_mode=False): """Escape the characters in label which need it. @param unicode_mode: escapify only special and whitespace (<= 0x20) characters @returns: the escaped string @rtype: string""" text = '' for c in label: if c in _escaped: text += '\\' + c elif ord(c) > 0x20 and ord(c) < 0x7F: text += c else: if unicode_mode and ord(c) >= 0x7F: text += c else: text += '\\%03d' % ord(c) return text def _validate_labels(labels): """Check for empty labels in the middle of a label sequence, labels that are too long, and for too many labels. @raises NameTooLong: the name as a whole is too long @raises LabelTooLong: an individual label is too long @raises EmptyLabel: a label is empty (i.e. the root label) and appears in a position other than the end of the label sequence""" l = len(labels) total = 0 i = -1 j = 0 for label in labels: ll = len(label) total += ll + 1 if ll > 63: raise LabelTooLong if i < 0 and label == '': i = j j += 1 if total > 255: raise NameTooLong if i >= 0 and i != l - 1: raise EmptyLabel class Name(object): """A DNS name. The dns.name.Name class represents a DNS name as a tuple of labels. Instances of the class are immutable. @ivar labels: The tuple of labels in the name. Each label is a string of up to 63 octets.""" __slots__ = ['labels'] def __init__(self, labels): """Initialize a domain name from a list of labels. @param labels: the labels @type labels: any iterable whose values are strings """ super(Name, self).__setattr__('labels', tuple(labels)) _validate_labels(self.labels) def __setattr__(self, name, value): raise TypeError("object doesn't support attribute assignment") def __copy__(self): return Name(self.labels) def __deepcopy__(self, memo): return Name(copy.deepcopy(self.labels, memo)) def is_absolute(self): """Is the most significant label of this name the root label? @rtype: bool """ return len(self.labels) > 0 and self.labels[-1] == '' def is_wild(self): """Is this name wild? (I.e. Is the least significant label '*'?) @rtype: bool """ return len(self.labels) > 0 and self.labels[0] == '*' def __hash__(self): """Return a case-insensitive hash of the name. @rtype: int """ h = 0L for label in self.labels: for c in label: h += ( h << 3 ) + ord(c.lower()) return int(h % sys.maxint) def fullcompare(self, other): """Compare two names, returning a 3-tuple (relation, order, nlabels). I{relation} describes the relation ship beween the names, and is one of: dns.name.NAMERELN_NONE, dns.name.NAMERELN_SUPERDOMAIN, dns.name.NAMERELN_SUBDOMAIN, dns.name.NAMERELN_EQUAL, or dns.name.NAMERELN_COMMONANCESTOR I{order} is < 0 if self < other, > 0 if self > other, and == 0 if self == other. A relative name is always less than an absolute name. If both names have the same relativity, then the DNSSEC order relation is used to order them. I{nlabels} is the number of significant labels that the two names have in common. """ sabs = self.is_absolute() oabs = other.is_absolute() if sabs != oabs: if sabs: return (NAMERELN_NONE, 1, 0) else: return (NAMERELN_NONE, -1, 0) l1 = len(self.labels) l2 = len(other.labels) ldiff = l1 - l2 if ldiff < 0: l = l1 else: l = l2 order = 0 nlabels = 0 namereln = NAMERELN_NONE while l > 0: l -= 1 l1 -= 1 l2 -= 1 label1 = self.labels[l1].lower() label2 = other.labels[l2].lower() if label1 < label2: order = -1 if nlabels > 0: namereln = NAMERELN_COMMONANCESTOR return (namereln, order, nlabels) elif label1 > label2: order = 1 if nlabels > 0: namereln = NAMERELN_COMMONANCESTOR return (namereln, order, nlabels) nlabels += 1 order = ldiff if ldiff < 0: namereln = NAMERELN_SUPERDOMAIN elif ldiff > 0: namereln = NAMERELN_SUBDOMAIN else: namereln = NAMERELN_EQUAL return (namereln, order, nlabels) def is_subdomain(self, other): """Is self a subdomain of other? The notion of subdomain includes equality. @rtype: bool """ (nr, o, nl) = self.fullcompare(other) if nr == NAMERELN_SUBDOMAIN or nr == NAMERELN_EQUAL: return True return False def is_superdomain(self, other): """Is self a superdomain of other? The notion of subdomain includes equality. @rtype: bool """ (nr, o, nl) = self.fullcompare(other) if nr == NAMERELN_SUPERDOMAIN or nr == NAMERELN_EQUAL: return True return False def canonicalize(self): """Return a name which is equal to the current name, but is in DNSSEC canonical form. @rtype: dns.name.Name object """ return Name([x.lower() for x in self.labels]) def __eq__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Name): return self.fullcompare(other)[1] == 0 else: return False def __ne__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Name): return self.fullcompare(other)[1] != 0 else: return True def __lt__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Name): return self.fullcompare(other)[1] < 0 else: return NotImplemented def __le__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Name): return self.fullcompare(other)[1] <= 0 else: return NotImplemented def __ge__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Name): return self.fullcompare(other)[1] >= 0 else: return NotImplemented def __gt__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Name): return self.fullcompare(other)[1] > 0 else: return NotImplemented def __repr__(self): return '<DNS name ' + self.__str__() + '>' def __str__(self): return self.to_text(False) def to_text(self, omit_final_dot = False): """Convert name to text format. @param omit_final_dot: If True, don't emit the final dot (denoting the root label) for absolute names. The default is False. @rtype: string """ if len(self.labels) == 0: return '@' if len(self.labels) == 1 and self.labels[0] == '': return '.' if omit_final_dot and self.is_absolute(): l = self.labels[:-1] else: l = self.labels s = '.'.join(map(_escapify, l)) return s def to_unicode(self, omit_final_dot = False): """Convert name to Unicode text format. IDN ACE lables are converted to Unicode. @param omit_final_dot: If True, don't emit the final dot (denoting the root label) for absolute names. The default is False. @rtype: string """ if len(self.labels) == 0: return u'@' if len(self.labels) == 1 and self.labels[0] == '': return u'.' if omit_final_dot and self.is_absolute(): l = self.labels[:-1] else: l = self.labels s = u'.'.join([_escapify(encodings.idna.ToUnicode(x), True) for x in l]) return s def to_digestable(self, origin=None): """Convert name to a format suitable for digesting in hashes. The name is canonicalized and converted to uncompressed wire format. @param origin: If the name is relative and origin is not None, then origin will be appended to it. @type origin: dns.name.Name object @raises NeedAbsoluteNameOrOrigin: All names in wire format are absolute. If self is a relative name, then an origin must be supplied; if it is missing, then this exception is raised @rtype: string """ if not self.is_absolute(): if origin is None or not origin.is_absolute(): raise NeedAbsoluteNameOrOrigin labels = list(self.labels) labels.extend(list(origin.labels)) else: labels = self.labels dlabels = ["%s%s" % (chr(len(x)), x.lower()) for x in labels] return ''.join(dlabels) def to_wire(self, file = None, compress = None, origin = None): """Convert name to wire format, possibly compressing it. @param file: the file where the name is emitted (typically a cStringIO file). If None, a string containing the wire name will be returned. @type file: file or None @param compress: The compression table. If None (the default) names will not be compressed. @type compress: dict @param origin: If the name is relative and origin is not None, then origin will be appended to it. @type origin: dns.name.Name object @raises NeedAbsoluteNameOrOrigin: All names in wire format are absolute. If self is a relative name, then an origin must be supplied; if it is missing, then this exception is raised """ if file is None: file = cStringIO.StringIO() want_return = True else: want_return = False if not self.is_absolute(): if origin is None or not origin.is_absolute(): raise NeedAbsoluteNameOrOrigin labels = list(self.labels) labels.extend(list(origin.labels)) else: labels = self.labels i = 0 for label in labels: n = Name(labels[i:]) i += 1 if not compress is None: pos = compress.get(n) else: pos = None if not pos is None: value = 0xc000 + pos s = struct.pack('!H', value) file.write(s) break else: if not compress is None and len(n) > 1: pos = file.tell() if pos <= 0x3fff: compress[n] = pos l = len(label) file.write(chr(l)) if l > 0: file.write(label) if want_return: return file.getvalue() def __len__(self): """The length of the name (in labels). @rtype: int """ return len(self.labels) def __getitem__(self, index): return self.labels[index] def __getslice__(self, start, stop): return self.labels[start:stop] def __add__(self, other): return self.concatenate(other) def __sub__(self, other): return self.relativize(other) def split(self, depth): """Split a name into a prefix and suffix at depth. @param depth: the number of labels in the suffix @type depth: int @raises ValueError: the depth was not >= 0 and <= the length of the name. @returns: the tuple (prefix, suffix) @rtype: tuple """ l = len(self.labels) if depth == 0: return (self, dns.name.empty) elif depth == l: return (dns.name.empty, self) elif depth < 0 or depth > l: raise ValueError('depth must be >= 0 and <= the length of the name') return (Name(self[: -depth]), Name(self[-depth :])) def concatenate(self, other): """Return a new name which is the concatenation of self and other. @rtype: dns.name.Name object @raises AbsoluteConcatenation: self is absolute and other is not the empty name """ if self.is_absolute() and len(other) > 0: raise AbsoluteConcatenation labels = list(self.labels) labels.extend(list(other.labels)) return Name(labels) def relativize(self, origin): """If self is a subdomain of origin, return a new name which is self relative to origin. Otherwise return self. @rtype: dns.name.Name object """ if not origin is None and self.is_subdomain(origin): return Name(self[: -len(origin)]) else: return self def derelativize(self, origin): """If self is a relative name, return a new name which is the concatenation of self and origin. Otherwise return self. @rtype: dns.name.Name object """ if not self.is_absolute(): return self.concatenate(origin) else: return self def choose_relativity(self, origin=None, relativize=True): """Return a name with the relativity desired by the caller. If origin is None, then self is returned. Otherwise, if relativize is true the name is relativized, and if relativize is false the name is derelativized. @rtype: dns.name.Name object """ if origin: if relativize: return self.relativize(origin) else: return self.derelativize(origin) else: return self def parent(self): """Return the parent of the name. @rtype: dns.name.Name object @raises NoParent: the name is either the root name or the empty name, and thus has no parent. """ if self == root or self == empty: raise NoParent return Name(self.labels[1:]) root = Name(['']) empty = Name([]) def from_unicode(text, origin = root): """Convert unicode text into a Name object. Lables are encoded in IDN ACE form. @rtype: dns.name.Name object """ if not isinstance(text, unicode): raise ValueError("input to from_unicode() must be a unicode string") if not (origin is None or isinstance(origin, Name)): raise ValueError("origin must be a Name or None") labels = [] label = u'' escaping = False edigits = 0 total = 0 if text == u'@': text = u'' if text: if text == u'.': return Name(['']) # no Unicode "u" on this constant! for c in text: if escaping: if edigits == 0: if c.isdigit(): total = int(c) edigits += 1 else: label += c escaping = False else: if not c.isdigit(): raise BadEscape total *= 10 total += int(c) edigits += 1 if edigits == 3: escaping = False label += chr(total) elif c == u'.' or c == u'\u3002' or \ c == u'\uff0e' or c == u'\uff61': if len(label) == 0: raise EmptyLabel labels.append(encodings.idna.ToASCII(label)) label = u'' elif c == u'\\': escaping = True edigits = 0 total = 0 else: label += c if escaping: raise BadEscape if len(label) > 0: labels.append(encodings.idna.ToASCII(label)) else: labels.append('') if (len(labels) == 0 or labels[-1] != '') and not origin is None: labels.extend(list(origin.labels)) return Name(labels) def from_text(text, origin = root): """Convert text into a Name object. @rtype: dns.name.Name object """ if not isinstance(text, str): if isinstance(text, unicode) and sys.hexversion >= 0x02030000: return from_unicode(text, origin) else: raise ValueError("input to from_text() must be a string") if not (origin is None or isinstance(origin, Name)): raise ValueError("origin must be a Name or None") labels = [] label = '' escaping = False edigits = 0 total = 0 if text == '@': text = '' if text: if text == '.': return Name(['']) for c in text: if escaping: if edigits == 0: if c.isdigit(): total = int(c) edigits += 1 else: label += c escaping = False else: if not c.isdigit(): raise BadEscape total *= 10 total += int(c) edigits += 1 if edigits == 3: escaping = False label += chr(total) elif c == '.': if len(label) == 0: raise EmptyLabel labels.append(label) label = '' elif c == '\\': escaping = True edigits = 0 total = 0 else: label += c if escaping: raise BadEscape if len(label) > 0: labels.append(label) else: labels.append('') if (len(labels) == 0 or labels[-1] != '') and not origin is None: labels.extend(list(origin.labels)) return Name(labels) def from_wire(message, current): """Convert possibly compressed wire format into a Name. @param message: the entire DNS message @type message: string @param current: the offset of the beginning of the name from the start of the message @type current: int @raises dns.name.BadPointer: a compression pointer did not point backwards in the message @raises dns.name.BadLabelType: an invalid label type was encountered. @returns: a tuple consisting of the name that was read and the number of bytes of the wire format message which were consumed reading it @rtype: (dns.name.Name object, int) tuple """ if not isinstance(message, str): raise ValueError("input to from_wire() must be a byte string") message = dns.wiredata.maybe_wrap(message) labels = [] biggest_pointer = current hops = 0 count = ord(message[current]) current += 1 cused = 1 while count != 0: if count < 64: labels.append(message[current : current + count].unwrap()) current += count if hops == 0: cused += count elif count >= 192: current = (count & 0x3f) * 256 + ord(message[current]) if hops == 0: cused += 1 if current >= biggest_pointer: raise BadPointer biggest_pointer = current hops += 1 else: raise BadLabelType count = ord(message[current]) current += 1 if hops == 0: cused += 1 labels.append('') return (Name(labels), cused)