Research Article | Open Access | Download PDF
Volume 13 | Issue 9 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJCE-V13I9P123 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V13I9P123Comprehensive Walkability Assessment of Urban Streets – Case of Tender S.U.R.E, Bengaluru
Surekha Ramineni, Monalisa Bhardwaj, Spoorthi Chikkaveerappa, Vidyashri S
| Received | Revised | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| 02 Jun 2026 | 08 Sep 2026 | 11 Sep 2026 | 29 Sep 2026 |
Citation :
Surekha Ramineni, Monalisa Bhardwaj, Spoorthi Chikkaveerappa, Vidyashri S, "Comprehensive Walkability Assessment of Urban Streets – Case of Tender S.U.R.E, Bengaluru," International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 370-389, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V13I9P123
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and rising motorization have impacted pedestrian environments and walkability, especially in the Global South. To handle these challenges, many countries have initiated street redesign to prioritize pedestrianization. TenderSURE (Specifications for Urban Road Execution) is one such initiative adopted by Bengaluru under the Smart City Mission, with the key objective of creating world-class pedestrian-friendly streets. This study aims to evaluate the pedestrian walkability of seven streets of Bengaluru redesigned under the TenderSURE Phase 1 program through a mixed-methods approach, combining both field assessments using the Pedestrian Environment Data Scan (PEDS) tool, user perception surveys and qualitative feedback. Overall walkability scores across the study corridors are moderate. St. Marks Road emerged as the highest-rated street overall at 70.5%. St. Marks Road and Cunningham Road scored highest on objective physical measures (PEDS score 68.8%), and St. Marks Road is rated best on the perception survey (72.14%), particularly for safety and comfort. Although a clear improvement in footpath quality, paving, and street aesthetics can be seen through TenderSURE upgrades, several problems remain. Residency Road and St. Marks demonstrated a positive gap between objective scores and how people perceived the streets more favourably than their physical condition suggested. This could largely be attributed to the homogeneous, vibrant commercial character and lively atmosphere. Cunningham Road and Museum Road are perceived less favourably than the physical environment. Pedestrians emphasized the need for unobstructed footpaths, shaded resting spaces, safer crossings and improved maintenance. The study shows that for street design to be truly successful, both improvement in physical infrastructure and comfort, convenience, everyday usability, lived experience of people on the street, and continued maintenance are equally important.
Keywords
Accessibility, Bengaluru, Pedestrian infrastructure, TenderSURE, Walkability assessment.
References
- Reid Ewing, and Robert Cervero, “Travel and the Built Environment,” Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 265-294, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Billie Giles-Cortiet al., “City Planning and Population Health: A Global Challenge,” The Lancet, vol. 388, no. 10062, pp. 2912-2924, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, “Urban and Transport Planning, Environmental Exposures and Health-New Concepts, Methods and Tools to Improve Health in Cities,” Environmental Health, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 162-171, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - James F Sallis, “Use of Science to Guide City Planning Policy and Practice: How to Achieve Healthy and Sustainable Future Cities,” The Lancet, vol. 388, no. 10062, pp. 2936-2947, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Deepti Adlakha, J. Aaron Hipp, and Ross C. Brownson, “Adaptation and Evaluation of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale in India (NEWS-India),” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1-24, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Saddam Hussain et al., “Assessing Impact of Urban Street Infrastructure on Pedestrian Safety Perception,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning, vol. 174, no. 2, pp. 76-84, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - World Health Organization, Global Status Report on Physical Activity 2022, pp. 1-132, 2022.
[Publisher Link] - Jan Gehl, Cities for People, Island Press, pp. 1-288, 2013.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Streets as Public Spaces and Drivers of Urban Prosperity, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, pp. 1-168, 2013.
[Publisher Link] - B R Rohith, TenderSURE can Transform the Way Bengaluru Moves, Times of India, Bengaluru, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/tendersure-can-transform-the-way-bengaluru-moves/articleshow/45128133.cms
- Anita Kumar, Srikara Prasad, and Kartik Akileswaran, Shaping Urban India by Design, not by Default: A City-Systems Approach to Growth and Liveability, pp. 1-160, 2025.
[Publisher Link] - Kelly J. Clifton et al., “The Development and Testing of an Audit for the Pedestrian Environment,” Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 80, no. 1-2, pp. 95-110, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Ester Cerin et al., “Development and Validation of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth Across Six Continents,” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Ester Cerin et al., “Measuring Perceived Neighbourhood Walkability in Hong Kong,” Cities, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 209-217, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Si'an Meng, Yizhao Yang, and Rebecca Lewis, “Subjective Versus Objective: Divergency Between Subjective Walkability and Walk Score During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, vol. 2678, no. 12, pp. 527-537, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Brian E. Saelens et al., “Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity: An Environment Scale Evaluation,” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 93, no. 9, pp. 1552-1558, 2003.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Abdulla Baobeid, Muammer Koç, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, “Walkability and its Relationships with Health, Sustainability, and Livability: Elements of Physical Environment and Evaluation Frameworks,” Frontiers in Built Environment, vol. 7, pp. 1-17, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - V. Pushkar, Walking Audit at Malleswaram Aims to Identify Areas for Safe Pedestrian Movement, Deccan Herald, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/walking-audit-at-malleswaram-aims-to-identify-areas-for-safe-pedestrian-movement-953861.html
- Sonia Chauhan, Sanjay Gupta, and Pankaj Kant, “Economic Sustainability to Promote Non-motorized Transport Infrastructure-Case of Chennai City,” Transportation Planning and Sustainable Mobility: Proceedings of TPMDC 2024, vol. 2, pp. 47-59, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Making Streets Safer by Design, WRI India, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://wri-india.org/initiatives/making-streets-safer-design
- Streets for People: Pathways of change from India’s Smart Cities, ITDP, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://itdp.in/resource/streets-for-people-pathways-of-change-from-indias-smart-cities/
- Gabriele D'Orso, and Marco Migliore, “A GIS-based Method for Evaluating the Walkability of a Pedestrian Environment and Prioritised Investments,” Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 82, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Tarek Al Shammas et al., “Development of a GIS-based Walking Route Planner with Integrated Comfort Walkability Parameters,” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 103, pp. 1-11, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Ilho Jeong et al., “A Comprehensive Walkability Evaluation System for Promoting Environmental Benefits,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-23, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Fowzia Akhter et al., “IoT Enabled Intelligent Sensor Node for Smart City: Pedestrian Counting and Ambient Monitoring,” Sensors, vol. 19, no. 15, pp. 1-19, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Erick Strom Guerra, The New Suburbs: Evolving Travel Behavior, the Built Environment, and Subway Investments in Mexico City, University of California Transportation Center, pp. 1-132, 2013.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Kovida Balaji Anapakula, and Gayathri Aaditya Eranki, “Developing an Index to Evaluate the Quality of Pedestrian Environment: Case Study Application in an Indian Metro,” Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, vol. 11, pp. 1-15, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Ramanditya Wimbardana, Ari K. M. Tarigan, and Saut Sagala, “Does a Pedestrian Environment Promote Walkability? Auditing a Pedestrian Environment Using the Pedestrian Environmental Data Scan Instrument,” Journal of Regional and City Planning, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 57-66, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Farjana Shatu, Tan Yigitcanlar, and Jonathan Bunker, “Objective vs. Subjective Measures of Street Environments in Pedestrian Route Choice Behaviour: Discrepancy and Correlates of Non-Concordance,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 126, pp. 1-23, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Sairam Dasari, and Sanjay Gupta, “Application of Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process to Develop Walkability Index: A Case Study of Dwarka Sub City, New Delhi, India,” Urban Planning and Transport Research, vol. 11, no. 1, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - “Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies in Urban Areas in India,” Ministry of Urban Development New Delhi, 2008.
[Publisher Link] - Virginia Braun, and Victoria Clarke, “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology,” Qualitative Research in Psychologys, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77-101, 2006.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Mayli Fadhilah et al., “The Impact of Infrastructure Development of Ring Road on Ecological and Social Component Through Land Consolidation Program,” Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research, vol. 7, no. S6, pp. 1016-1028, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link] - James Leather et al., “Walkability and Pedestrian Facilities in Asian Cities State and Issues,” ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, 2011.
[Publisher Link] - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen et al., “The Superblock Model: A Review of an Innovative Urban Model for Sustainability, Liveability, Health and Well-Being,” Environmental Research, vol. 251, pp. 1-11, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - G.D.C. Initiative, Case study: Cheonggyecheon; Seoul, Korea, Global Street Design Guide, 2020.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Yibeltal Dubale Tazzie, Dagnachew Adugna, and Berhanu Woldetensae, “Sustainable Transport Strategies and their Implementation Barriers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,” Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, vol. 7, pp. 1-15, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]