Citation :

Safdar Aman, Aneela Zameer Durrani, Shaukat Aman, "Hill Lemon-Based Phytotherapy as a Promising Intervention for Teat Fibrosis in Cattle," International Journal of Veterinary Science, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 9-17, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/24550868/IJVS-V12I2P102

Abstract

Teat fibrosis, a significant health issue in cattle, compromises productive lifespan and milk quality, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of Hill Lemon (Citrus pseudo lemon Tanaka) essential oil, both independently and in combination with other drugs like a traditional local recipe (Hill lemon extract), in treating teat fibrosis (teat hardness, stiffness, nodularity, and atrophy) among cattle in the Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The therapeutic trial was conducted on 32 cattle diagnosed with teat fibrosis, divided into four treatment groups designated as A, B, C and D. Group A received 1% hill lemon essential oil 10ml per affected teat IMM, Sid, for 14 days; Group B, a local recipe (Hill lemon extract) containing Hill Lemon pulp, sugar, Himalayan pink salt and ammonium chloride 500g on alternative days for 14 days (PO); Group C, a combination of Hill Lemon essential oil 10ml per affected teat IMM, Sid, for 14 days and the local recipe (Hill lemon extract) 500g on alternative days for 14 days (PO); and Group D, Hill Lemon essential oil 10ml per affected teat IMM, Sid, for 14 days scombined with the commercial preparation Mastifit (10ml IMM,60ml Bid PO). Each treatment protocol was administered over 14 days with assessments on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. Recovery metrics for teat hardness, stiffness, nodularity, and atrophy indicated that Group C achieved the highest efficacy, showing nearly complete recovery across the first three parameters (100%) and partial recovery of the fourth parameter (90%) by day 20. The combination of Hill Lemon essential oil and the local recipe (Group C) emerges as a potent intervention for teat fibrosis in cattle, demonstrating superior recovery outcomes. These findings position Hill Lemon essential oil as a promising natural therapeutic agent for fibrotic mastitis management in cattle.

Keywords

Cattle, Mastitis, Teat Fibrosis, Hill Lemon, Essential Oils, Intra Mammary (IMM), Orally (PO), Sid (once in a day), Bid (twice a day).

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